苹果园地表起垄微聚流技术调控下土壤水分的时空分布  

Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of soil moisture in an apple orchard under effects of plastic film-mulch,ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system

作　　者：索改弟[1] 谢永生[2] 揣峻峰[1] 刘楠[1] 景民晓[1] 陈磊[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第9期2354-2361,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD31B01);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201001036)资助

摘　　要：以渭北苹果园盛果期果树为研究对象,对地表起垄微聚流技术调控下不同位置的土壤水分时空分布进行分析。结果表明:各个位置的土壤储水量在年周期内呈现双峰曲线变化,分别在9月和2月达到高峰,其中垄间部分储水量高于对照9.8%;年平均含水量垄间(25.8%)>对照(23.3%)>垄上(23.0%);该技术改变了水分的空间分布,在同等的位置上,垄间部分含水量高于对照,垄上部分含水量略低于对照;在0～600 cm土壤剖面上,0～200 cm土层各位置含水量高,变异系数大;200～600 cm垄上土壤含水量明显降低,但整体高于对照;垄间含水量整体较高,能有效缓解深层干燥化趋势,有利于果园生态系统的健康稳定发展。研究表明,地表起垄微聚流技术能有效利用膜垄的集水和沟覆盖的蓄水保墒功能,改变了水分的时空分布,将降雨集中在垄间部分,改善了果树的水分状况。This paper studied the effects of a plastic film-mulch, ridge and furrow rainfall harves- ting system on the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of moisture in the 0-600 cm soil profile of an apple orchard at its full fruit-bearing stage in the dryland area of North Shaanxi, China. The water storage at different locations of the soil profile during a year was well represented by a bi- modal curve, with two peaks in September and February. The annual average soil moisture con- tent between the ridges （25.8%） was higher than that on the ridges （23.0%）. The plastic film-mulch, ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system changed the spatial distribution of soil moisture content. At the same locations of the soil profile, the soil moisture content between the ridges was higher in the plastic film-mulch, ridge and furrow rainfall harvest system than in the unmulched control treatment. In contrast, the soil moisture content on the ridges was slightly low- er in the plastic film-mulch, ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system than in the control. The moisture content at different locations in 0-200 cm soil layer was high, and the coefficient of var- iation was also high. Between the ridges, the moisture content in 200-600 cm soil layer was higher and relatively stable, which was beneficial to the development of a healthy and stable or- chard ecosystem. In conclusion, the plastic film-mulch, ridge and furrow rainfall harvest system could effectively increase water conservation, improve the rainwater use efficiency, and increase the water availability in apple orchards.

关 键 词：土壤水分 时空分布 微聚流技术 深层干燥化 苹果园 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]