白头硬尾鸭行为时间分配及日活动节律  

Behavioral time budget and diurnal rhythm of white-headed duck in Northwest China

作　　者：赵序茅[1,2] 马鸣[1] 张同[1] 张建波[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]新疆艺术学院,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第9期2439-2443,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30970340和31272291);香港观鸟会中国自然保育基金项目(2012)资助

摘　　要：2012年7—11月,采用焦点动物取样法和瞬时扫描法对乌鲁木齐近郊水域白头硬尾鸭(Oxyura leucocephala)进行实地观察。制成白头硬尾鸭行为谱,将行为分为休息、警戒、驱赶、修饰、取食、游泳、飞行、炫耀、护幼、自慰、其他等并将部分行为画成模式图。在行为时间分配上,白头硬尾鸭主要时间用于取食(48.90%),其后是休息(23.32%)、修饰(12.85%)、运动(9.48%)、其他(4.32%)、警戒(2.13%)。取食行为在7:00—9:00和18:00—19:00时有明显的峰值,14:00—16:00时出现低谷,其他时段取食频次无显著性差异(P>0.05);休息的峰值出现在11:00—14:00时,修饰行为在9:00—11:00和15:00—16:00时达到峰值,其他行为无明显的节律性变化。在取食过程中,成鸟潜水时长、间隔与雏鸟存在显著性差异(P<0.01;P<0.05)。各行为相关分析表明,休息行为、取食行为与运动行为呈显著负相关(R=-0.709,P<0.01;R=-0.725,P<0.01);取食行为与运动行为呈显著正相关(R=0.95,P<0.01),其他行为之间无显著相关性。From July to October 2012, an investigation was conducted on the behaviors of white- headed duck （ Oxyura leucocephala） in the Baihu Lake of Urumqi, Xinjiang Province of North- west China. The main behaviors of the duck included alert, resting, swimming, flying, foraging, displaying, caring, maintenance, driving, masturbation, and others. The time that the ducks spent on different types of behaviors was in the order of foraging （48. 90% ）, resting （23.32%） , maintenance （ 12. 85% ）, locomotion （9.48%） , others （4. 32% ） , and alert （2. 13 % ）. Among these behaviors, an obvious rhythm was observed in foraging, resting, and maintenance. The foraging behavior peaked at 7：00-9 ： 00 AM and 18 ： 00-19 ： 00 PM, was the lowest at 14：00-16：00 PM, and had no significant difference in the other time sections; the rest- ing behavior peaked at 11：00 AM-14：00 PM; and the maintenance behavior peaked at 9：00- 10：00 AM and 15 ： 00-16 ： 00 PM. During foraging, there existed significant differences in the duration and interval of diving （P〈0.01, P〈0.05） between chicks and parents. The time that the ducks spent on resting was negatively correlated with the time spent on foraging and locomo- tion （R=-0. 709, P〈0.01; R=-0. 725, P〈0.01 ）, but the time spent on locomotion was posi- tively correlated with that spent on foraging （R = 0.95, P〈0.01 ）. No significant relationships were observed among the other behaviors.

关 键 词：行为谱 秋季 时间分配 日节律 乌鲁木齐 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]