象山港熊本牡蛎设施养殖与邻近自然牡蛎礁中大型底栖动物群落比较  

Comparisons of benthic macrofauna communities in oyster (Crassostrea sikamea) aquaculture gears and adjacent natural oyster reef in Xiangshan Bay of Zhejiang Province,East China

作　　者：全为民[1] 王云龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第9期2462-2468,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所)(2011M01);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31170508);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201003068);国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2010CB429005)资助

摘　　要：通过比较象山港熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)养殖设施(养殖设施,AG)及邻近的自然潮间带牡蛎礁(自然牡蛎礁,NR)中定居性大型底栖动物的物种丰度、密度、生物量及群落结构,评估了牡蛎养殖设施的相对生境价值。结果表明:养殖设施中鲜活牡蛎密度和生物量显著高于自然牡蛎礁(P<0.001),养殖群体平均壳高(34 mm)显著大于自然野生群体(平均壳高29 mm,P<0.001);在两种生境中共采集到28种定居性大型底栖动物,其中养殖设施中分布有22种,自然潮间带中15种;两种生境类型间大型底栖动物群落的总密度和总生物量均没有显著性差异(密度,P>0.05;生物量,P>0.05),养殖设施中甲壳动物和多毛类的密度和生物量均显著高于自然牡蛎礁(P<0.05),软体动物的密度和生物量却为NR>AG(P<0.05);两种生境类型间物种丰度没有显著差异(P>0.05),Pielou均匀度和Shannon多样性指数均为AG<NR(P<0.05);两种生境类型间大型底栖动物群落结构显著不同(P<0.001)。总之,牡蛎养殖设施维持着较高生物多样性的、丰富的大型底栖动物群落,与邻近自然牡蛎礁具有相似的生境价值。To evaluate the potential of anthropogenic habitats as the surrogates for natural habitats is a key issue in restoration ecology. In this study, comparisons were made on the community metrics （richness, biomass, and abundance） of resident benthic macrofauna in oyster aquacul- ture gears （AG） and adjacent natural intertidal oyster （Crassostrea sikamea） reef （NR） in the Xiangshan Bay of Zhejiang Province, with the relative habitat values of AG to NR assessed. There were significantly greater densities and biomass of living oysters in AG than in NR, and the cultured oyster population had a greater mean shell height than the natural populations. A total of 28 species of benthic macrofauna were recorded, with 22 species in AG and 15 species in NR. The total benthic macrofaunal density and biomass were not significantly different between AG and Nil, but in AG, there were significantly greater densities and biomass of crustaceans and polychaetes but fewer mollusks. The species richness was similar between the two habitat types. However, greater Pielou evenness and Shannon index were observed at NR. The non-metric mul- tidimensional scaling ordination showed there was a clear separation in the resident benthic mac- rofauna communities between AG and NR, indicating that these habitats facilitate unique species assemblages. These findings suggested that AG could maintain the diverse and abundant benthic macrofauna communities, and provide similar habitat functioning as NR.

关 键 词：牡蛎礁 水产养殖 生态系统功能 生境 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]