降雨类型对地表微地形空间变化及产流、产沙的影响  

Effect of Rainfall Types on Spatial Variation of Micro-topography,Runoff and Sediment Yield

作　　者：秦凤[1] 郑子成[1,2] 何淑勤[3] 李廷轩[1] 孔祥东[4] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,成都611130 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]四川农业大学林学院,四川雅安625014 [4]四川省水土保持局,成都610041

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第4期17-22,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40901138;41271307);四川省学术和技术带头人培养资金资助项目(2012);四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2010JY0083);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室项目(10501-283)

摘　　要：采用人工模拟降雨试验的方法,分析延迟型和减弱型2种雨型下紫色土地表微地形的空间变化特征,探讨其对地表产流过程和侵蚀产沙的影响。结果表明,随降雨时间的推移,地表高程波动范围缩小并集中于(-5)～5mm之间,高程变化的最大值多出现在坡面中下部;延迟型降雨下,地表衰退所占面积比例分别为48.56%,45.28%和63.14%,减弱型降雨下分别为38.59%,36.58%和35.12%,前者第4,5级水系起始点向坡面上部迁移,后者起始点稳定在坡面中部。不同雨型下径流总量差异较小,但延迟型降雨侵蚀量高于减弱型降雨35.83%。Based on artificial rainfall experiments, the spatial variation of micro-topography under delayed rainfall and decreased rainfall was studied, and their effects on runoff and sediment yield were investigated. The results showed that the variation range of surface elevation reduced and concentrated on （--5）--5 mm along with rainfall time. The maximum value of elevation variation appeared in the lower part of slop surface. In whole experimental plot, the area ratio of micro-topography decay was up to 48.56%, 45.28% and 63.14% respectively under delayed rainfall, and it was up to 38.59%, 36.58% and 35.12% respectively under decreased rainfall. The origin of fourth and fifth order streams moved to upper gradually under delayed rainfall, and it stabilized at middle slope location under decreased rainfall. The total runoff amount showed little differences for different rain types, but the sediment yield under delayed rainfall was 35.83% higher than that under decreased rainfall.

关 键 词：雨型 地表微地形 DEM 水系 土壤侵蚀 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]