模拟降雨下黄土表土结皮的侵蚀响应  

Responses of Soil Surface Crusts on Soil Erosion in Loess Under Simulated Rainfalls

作　　者：程琴娟[1,2] 蔡强国[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062 [2]陕西师范大学学报编辑部,西安710062 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院陆地水循环与地表过程重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第4期73-77,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971165;40471084)

摘　　要：基于室内模拟降雨实验,对比分析有表土结皮、无表土结皮表面的溅蚀、坡面侵蚀过程,探讨表土结皮的侵蚀响应。结果表明,表土结皮对溅蚀量的影响与降雨历时有关,在短历时降雨(<20min)下,因有表土结皮表面存在松散细小颗粒,其溅蚀量大于无表土结皮表面;降雨历时>20min时,有表土结皮表面的溅蚀量表现出明显大于无表土结皮表面的趋势。有表土结皮表面的入渗率明显低于无表土结皮表面,因产流与入渗有紧密关系,表土结皮进而影响产流时间、产流量和产沙量;与无结皮表面相比,有表土结皮表面的产流时间提早,产流量快速增加,产沙量递增,易于发育细沟侵蚀。Based on the indoor simulated rainfall experiments,rain splash erosion and slope erosion processes on crusted and non-crusted soil surfaces were analyzed and the responses of soil surface crust on soil erosion were also discussed.The results showed that effects of soil crust on rain splash erosion were related to rainfall time.For short-time(<20 min)rainfalls,there were many small loose particles on crusted soil surface,splash erosion amount on crusted soil surface was higher than that on non-crusted soil surface.When rainfall time lasted for about 20 minutes,splash erosion amount on non-crusted soil surface was obviously higher than that on crusted soil surface.The infiltration rate of crusted soil surface was distinctly lower than that of non-crusted soil surface.Runoff was correlated closely with infiltration,so soil crust affected runoff occurring time,runoff amount and sediment yield.Compared with non-crusted soil surface,the runoff occurring time advanced,runoff amount and sediment yields increased and rill erosion easily developed on crusted soil surface.

关 键 词：模拟降雨 表土结皮 溅蚀 土壤侵蚀 产沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]