小浪底调控对黄河口冲淤变化的影响机制  

Influence Mechanism of Xiaolangdi Project Regulation on Erosion-deposition Variation of the Yellow River Estuary

作　　者：姚前前[1] 李新举[1] 于泓 王雪峰[3] 高国勇[3] 黄晓娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东天诚国土规划设计院有限公司,山东济南250000 [3]黄河口水文水资源勘测局,山东东营257000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第4期88-92,180,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室开放课题基金;国家自然科学基金项目(41171425);山东经贸职业学院2013年黄河三角洲地区第二批引进急需人才项目

摘　　要：通过天然水沙和调水调沙环境下黄河口冲淤变化的对比分析,探讨小浪底对黄河口冲淤变化的影响机制。结果表明:造陆面积与黄河来水来沙量呈显著的正相关,小浪底的调控作用改善了黄河来水来沙条件,使黄河口迅速由蚀退状态转为淤积状态,沙嘴以0.9km/a的速率迅速延伸,小浪底调控初期(2003-2006年)的造陆速率是天然水沙条件下(1977-1989年)的1.34倍,每1×108 t泥沙的沙嘴延伸长度则为2.9倍;为使黄河口朝良性方向发展,小浪底在运行中应控制利津站的水沙比在0.02t/m3左右,来沙系数稳定在0.01～0.015(kg·s)/m6,即至少保证径流量2×1010 m3,输沙量(3～4)×108 t,含沙量6.34～9.52kg/m3。Through comparative analysis of the erosion-deposition variation in the Yellow River estuary under the natural and flow/sediment regulation condition,the paper explored the influence mechanism of the Xiaolangdi project on the erosion-deposition variation.The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between land-forming area and the flow and sediment in the Yellow River.The Xiaolangdi project regulation improved the flow and sediment condition in the Yellow River,which rapidly changed the Yellow River estuary state from erosion to deposition and the spit extended at the rate of 0.9km/a,resulting in a land-forming rate 1.34times from 2003to 2006which was higher than that under the natural flow/ sediment condition from 1977to 1989and an extending length per 0.1billion of spit 2.9times.The Xiaolangdi project should regulate the flow/sediment about 0.02t/m3 and the incoming sediment coefficient to 0.01～0.015(kg·s)/m6 in Lijin station,which was at least about 2×1010 m3 of flow,(3～4)×108 t of transported sediment and 6.34～9.52kg/m3 of sediment concentration,to drive the Yellow River estuary development in the positive direction.

关 键 词：冲淤变化 调水调沙 水沙比 来沙系数 影响机制 

分 类 号：TV148.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]