老年脑卒中患者吸入性肺炎危险因素分析及康复护理  

Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in elderly stroke patients and nursing for recovery

作　　者：卢彩霞[1] 陈淑萍[1] 胡敏芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州市第一人民医院干部老年科,浙江杭州310006

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2013年第17期4125-4126,共2页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的分析老年脑卒中患者并发吸入性肺炎的相关危险因素,并针对其相关危险因素制定康复护理措施,为临床防治提供依据。方法回顾性分析2010年2月-2012年2月收治的老年脑卒中并发吸入性肺炎患者62例临床资料,将其设定为肺炎组,与同期收治的682例脑卒中非合并肺炎组作对比分析,对相关危险因素进行分析,并针对危险因素制定护理措施。结果老年脑卒中患者中发生吸入性肺炎共62例,占脑卒中患者9.1%;共分离鉴定97株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌共67株占69.07%,革兰阳性菌30株占30.93%;经分析肺炎组由于年龄、意识障碍、体位不当、吞咽困难、咳嗽无力、基础疾病及鼻饲、吸痰导致的吸入性肺炎发生率较非肺炎组高,差异有统计学意义。结论针对老年脑卒中患者采取相应护理措施,可预防其发生吸入性肺炎,对提高脑卒中患者康复、减少并发症的发生具有重要作用。OBJECTIVE To analyze the related risk factors of elderly stroke patients with aspiration pneumonia andpropose the rehabilitation nursing measures for the related risk factors, so as to provide basis for the clinical pre-vention and treatment. METHODS A retrospective analysis on the clinical data of 62 cases of elderly stroke patientswith aspiration pneumonia enrolled from Feb 2010 to Feb 2012 was performed. It was set as the pneumonia groupand compared with 682 elderly stroke patients without pneumonia enrolled in the same period; and then the relatedrisk factors were analyzed and the nursing measures were taken for the risk factors. RESULTS There were a totalof 62 cases of elderly stroke patients with aspiration pneumonia, accounting for 9. 1% ; 97 strains were isolated, ofwhich,there were 67 strains of gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 69. 07% and 30 strains of gram positivebacteria, accounting for 30. 93%. After analysis,the aspiration pneumonia incidence of patients in the pneumoniagroup was higher than that in the non-pneumonia group due to age,disorder of consciousness, improper position,difficulty in swallowing, cough and weakness, basic disease and nasal feeding and sputum suction,showing signif-icant difference. CONCLUSION Appropriate nursing measures for the elderly stroke patients can prevent themfrom the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia, which is of great importance to improve the rehabilitation and reducethe occurrence of complications of the patients with stroke.

关 键 词：脑卒中 鼻饲 吸入性肺炎 护理 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]