新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫接种效果分析  

Efficacy of vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine in Newborns

作　　者：卢庆乐[1] 田玫玲[1] 吴殿水[1] 蔡德建[1] 芦珂[1] 韩其政[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学附属省立医院检验科,山东济南250022 [2]山东大学附属省立医院呼吸科,山东济南250022

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2013年第17期4193-4194,4197,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划课题(2011YD18094)

摘　　要：目的观察新生儿应用乙型肝炎疫苗接种的免疫效果，为该地区儿童乙型肝炎预防提供参考。方法选取2009年5月-2012年8月进行乙型肝炎疫苗接种的0～3岁婴幼儿1187例，根据年龄分为〈1岁组276例、1～2岁组302例、2～3岁组298例和〉3岁组311例，采用ELISA法检测4组新生儿血清中乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）和乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体（抗-HBs）两项指标，比较不同年龄阶段新生儿免疫情况。结果1187例婴幼儿抗-HBs阳性率为84．08％，其中〈1岁组为94．57％、1～2岁组为87．75％、2～3岁组为81.54％、〉3岁组为73．63％，4组的抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；1187例婴幼儿HBsAg阳性率为0．34％，〈1岁组和1～2岁组均为0、2～3岁组为0．34％、〉3岁组0．96％，4组的HBsAg阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论接种过乙型肝炎疫苗的新生儿免疫水平随年龄增长开始降低，有必要对≥3周岁儿童再次进行乙型肝炎血清标志物检测，及时采取乙型肝炎预防措施。OBJECTIVE To observe the efficacy of vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine in the newborn, so as to pro- vide reference for prevention of hepatitis B. METHODS Totally 1187 infants aged from 0 to 3 years old, who reciered hepatitis B vaccination in the hospital from May 2009 to Aug 2012, were divided into 0 years group （〈1 years old, 276 cases）, 1 year group （1 - 2 year old, 302 cases）, 2 years group （2 -- 3 years old, 298 cases） and 3 years group （〉 3 years old,311 cases）. ELISA method was used to detect hepatitis B virus surface antigen（HBsAg） and hepatitis B virus surface antibody （anti -HBs） in serum of the neonates,and the immunities of the different age groups of neonates were compared. RESULTS The average positive rate of anti-HBs in the neonates was 84.08%, and the positive rate of the anti-HBs was 94. 5% in the less than 1 year group. 87. 75% in the 1--2 years old groups, 81.54% in the 2--3 years old group, 73.63% in the more than 3 years group. The average positive rate of HBsAg was 0.34%, and the rate of the four groups were 0,0, 0. 34%, and 0.96 %, respectively. CONCLUSION The vaccinated neonatal hepatitis B vaccine immune level began to decrease with age. So the detection of hepatitis B serum markers for children older than 3 years old is necessary, and prevention measures of hepatitis B should be take in timely manner.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎疫苗 乙型肝炎表面抗体 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原 

分 类 号：R512.62[医药卫生—内科学]