放养鸡生产对植被特征及土壤理化性质的影响研究  

Effects of Free-range Broiler Chickens on Vegetation Characteristics and Physical-chemical Properties of Soil

作　　者：杨朝武[1] 杜华锐[1] 陈天宝[1] 江容娥[2] 邱莫寒 李晴云 李雯[1] 张增荣[1] 余春林 胡陈明 宋小燕 刘岚 姜小雨 蒋小松[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省畜牧科学研究院,四川成都610066 [2]西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,四川成都610041 [3]四川大恒家禽育种有限公司,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中国家禽》2013年第17期24-28,共5页China Poultry

基　　金：国家肉鸡产业技术体系(CARS-42-G04);四川省畜禽育种攻关(2011NZ0099-6);四川省科技支撑计划(2012NZ0037);四川省畜禽繁育专项(SASA2009YZ007)

摘　　要：本研究旨在通过检测放养场地植被特征和土壤理化性质的变化探讨放养鸡生产对生态系统的影响。试验选择地势平坦,植被、土壤等环境条件基本一致的人工经济林杂草地,设置试验Ⅲ组、Ⅲ组及对照组,每组草地面积均为667 m2,其中试验Ⅲ组放养密度为40只/667 m2,试验Ⅲ组放养密度为80只/667 m2,对照组不放养。放养时间为6~22周龄,放养前后分别检测参试草地植被特征和土壤理化性质。结果表明：放养后参试草地植被特征及土壤理化性质发生明显改变,试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅲ组草本层总盖度、丰富度、多样性系数、地上生物量鲜重和干重等指标均低于对照组,而且试验Ⅲ组低于试验Ⅲ组;随着放养密度的增加,土壤水分、有机质、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾含量提高,土壤pH值降低。由此可知,不同肉鸡放养密度对草地特征及土壤理化性质产生不同程度的影响,过高密度放养会给生态环境带来较大的负面效应。因此,控制合理的放养密度对保持放养鸡生产的可持续发展具有重要意义。To investigate the effects of free-range broiler chickens on properties of vegetation and soil,one meadow covered an area of 2 001 square meters were randomly divided into three groups of 667 square meters each,set the stocking density of group Ⅰ as 40 broiler chickens,group Ⅱ as 80 broiler chickens,and the control group keep standing idle,free-range from 5 to 22 weeks of age,properties of vegetation and soil were detected pre and post free-range. The results showed that properties of vegetation and soil changed obviously post free-range,properties such as cover degree,richness,diversity and biomass of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were lower than those of control group,and those of group Ⅱ were lower than group Ⅰ,the levels of moisture,organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus and available potassium were remarkably increased,and pH was significantly decreased, changes of group Ⅱ were higher than those of group Ⅰ. It was concluded that excessive free-range could produce great negative impact on ecological environment, regulation of reasonable stocking density was a positive measure to keep the sustained development of free-range chicken production.

关 键 词：放养鸡 生态系统 植被特征 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]