UTM投影和Gauss-Krüger投影及其变换实现  

UTM Projection and Gauss-Krüger Projection and their Conversion

作　　者：周朝宪[1,2,3] 房志峰[4] 于彩虹[1,2] 张云国[1,2] 高应波[5] 燕丹晨[6] 杨强[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]有色金属矿产地质调查中心,北京100012 [2]中色地科矿产勘查股份有限公司,北京100012 [3]北京矿产地质研究院,北京100012 [4]山东政法学院信息科学系,山东济南250014 [5]中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京100101 [6]国家海洋环境预报中心,北京100081

出　　处：《地质与勘探》2013年第5期882-889,共8页Geology and Exploration

基　　金：中央财政国外矿产资源风险勘查基金项目(编号10254B004;10201B004和101001A025)资助

摘　　要：Gauss-Krüger投影是椭圆柱横正轴切地球椭球体正形投影,UTM投影为椭圆柱横正轴割地球椭球体投影,前者投影后中央经线长度不变,后者从中央经线圆作为起始投影,比例因子k为0.999 6倍,向周边随着距离增大,投影后的长度、面积等逐渐增大。UTM投影在距离中央经线179.776km(WGS 84椭球体),即经度差1.620 6°处,即为两条标准割线圆的位置,该割线圆在UTM投影图上保持长度无变。从标准割线圆向外,长度以及面积畸变逐渐变大,向南北两极收敛角也逐渐增大。为保证投影精度在一定范围内,UTM投影只适用于80°S和84°N的纬度范围内。本文还探讨了使用MapInfo简单快捷地实现大地坐标和UTM投影以及Gauss-Krüger投影坐标之间的大批量数据的相互转换方法。The Gauss-Krueger projection is a conformal mapping after a transverse elliptic cylinder tangent to a reference ellipsoid of the earth, and the UTM projection is a conformal mapping after a transverse elliptic cylinder secant to the WGS 84 earth ellipsoid. For the former, the scale along the central meridian is constant, and in the UTM coordination system, the scale factor k, increases from 0. 999 6 for the central meridian to I for the secant circle be- tween the elliptic cylinder and WGS 84 earth ellipsoid, and becomes greater outside the secant circle which is 179. 776 km（ WGS 84 earth ellipsoid）, i. e. , the longitude difference 1. 620 6° away from the central meridian, which results in a bigger distortion in the area after UTM projection step by step. In addition, the convergence angle gradually increases from the equator to the poles. Therefore, the UTM projection is only suitable for the area between 80°S and 84°N in latitude. The fast method is easy to implement for converting the longitude and latitude into UTM projection coordinates and Gauss- Krtiger projection coordinates and vice versa in batches of data using MapInfo .

关 键 词：UTM投影 Gauss-Krüger 投影 变换实现 MAPINFO 

分 类 号：P28[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]