从联产承包制到经济技术开发区:制度经济学的解说  

From the Household Contract Responsibility System to Economic and Technical Zone——An Explanation from the View of Institutional Economics

作　　者：傅晓 

机构地区：[1]宁波市发展规划研究院,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《学术月刊》2013年第9期32-42,共11页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：经济技术开发区的产生是中国一系列制度创新成果逐步积累的结果,既有秩序自发演进的轨迹,也有制度建构的创造。从农村的改革到企业的放权让利再到蛇口工业区和特区的实践,虽然经过了很多反复和曲折,但制度变迁的方向逐步明确,适应新制度的组织形式在旧的组织形式之外运行,新的制度在循环累积的基础上慢慢建立。经济技术开发区的产生也是通过外部力量推进制度变迁的结果,通过对外开放,引进和培育市场主体,实质上也是引进现代的微观制度,促进市场制度的完善,进而带动整个制度体系的变革。经济技术开发区的建立彻底打破了传统计划体制的路径依赖,在中心城市创造了市场机制运行的经济区域。在经济技术开发区内,上级下放的行政权力成了维护市场主体企业权利的权力,而不再是束缚市场主体发育的权力,这样中国的城市改革就摆脱了放权让利、一放就乱、一收就死的怪圈,走上了增量改革、制度示范的轨道。经济技术开发区的探索和实践为中国的全面开放积累了经验,催生了后来的保税区、高新区、出口加工区,也催生了浦东的改革和开放。This essay starts from the view of institutional economics to explain the process of establishment and growth of development zones, and holds the opinion that the emergence of economic and technical development zones is the result accumulated through the institutional innovation since the establishment of P. R. C. , as well as influenced by changes in the outside environment. It is the combination between the increment institutional revolution and marginal innovation. From reform of rural area to decentralization of power and transfer of profits, to the practice of Shekou Industrial Zone and Shenzhen Special Administrative Region, with many setbacks and reversals, new institution was established gradually based on accumulation of innovation. It is also the result of transformation of institution pushed by outside power： through opening to the outside, market entity was introduced and cultivated, essentially, the modern micro system was introduced which lead to the revolution of the whole system. As the household contract responsibility system, the contract responsibility, development zones get rid of path dependence on traditional institution, and struggle out of the restriction of internal distribution of administrative power, and promote the institutional change into a phase of overall coordination and development. As a result, the urban reform gets rid of ＂put random, hold death＂. Economic and technical development zones hasten the emergence of free trade zones, high technical development zones, and also hasten the emergence of reform and opening of Pudong District.

关 键 词：技术开发区 制度经济学 制度变迁 

分 类 号：F12[经济管理—世界经济]