章太炎在台湾与明治日本思想的初遇——兼论戊戌后康有为、章太炎政治主张之异同  

Zhang Taiyan's First Encounter with Meiji Japanese Thought in Taiwan—Including a Discussion of the Similarities and Differences between Kang Youwei and Zhang Taiyan's Political Views

作　　者：彭春凌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,助理研究员北京100006 [2]湖南师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2013年第5期55-80,160-161,共26页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"中国近代‘国学'构想的建立:章太炎与明治思潮"(12CZS042)的阶段性成果;中国社会科学院创新工程项目"抗战建国与民族复兴"的前期成果

摘　　要：章太炎与明治日本思想初次相遇,是在1898年末至1899年6月的台湾。此时期,中日两国各自的政治及彼此文化交流均处于重要的历史拐点。章太炎供职于殖民当局的官办媒体《台湾日日新报》,在该报上发表了一系列文章,悼念维新六贤,声援康、梁,思索和规划中国政治蓝图。这既是戊戌政变的余波,又拉开了清末十年以康章为代表的不同派别进行伦理及政治思想对话的序幕。而日本多年来期冀与中国"夷夏"易位,此时在其首块殖民地台湾获得了实践空间。通过宣传吸附儒学忠孝伦理的"国体论",鼓吹天皇"万世一系",日本强力管控着台湾的意识形态。章太炎与日本学人就评价康有为的言行往复论辩,立场尖锐对立;章氏倡导以孔子后裔为中华共主,自认为是借鉴天皇万世一系,却为日人坚决抵制。他们的冲突是东亚儒学花开两朵后的一场遭遇战,其核心在于是否承认革命具有政教伦理的合法性,以及"忠"究竟是相互的还是单向的道德义务。明治国体论又可谓康、章清末政治分歧的第三方参照物。与之比照,可知康章之政治主张实际上"同"大于"异",二人均未逾越儒学"一统"与"革命"的两项价值,共同撑起了中国近代政治转型的空间。Zhang Taiyan's first encounter with Meiji Japanese thought was in Taiwan between the end of 1898 and June of 1899.During that period,Chinese and Japanese politics and cultural exchange were at an important historical turning point.Zhang Taiyan worked for the official organ of the Japanese colonial authorities,the Taiwan New Daily.Zhang published a series of articles in the newspaper,mourning the six gentlemen martyrs of the 1898 reform movement, supporting Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao,and also exploring and designing a political blueprint for China.This was not only a reverberation of the coup d'etat of 1898,but also opened the curtain on a dialogue on moral principles and political thought between the different factions represented by Kang Youwei and Zhang Taiyan.For many years the Japanese had looked forward to overtaking the 'barbarous Chinese' in status.Now this desire acquired a practical sphere in Taiwan, Japan's first colony.Through propagandizing a 'theory of the state' into which Confucian filial piety and ethics had been absorbed,and through preaching that the Japanese emperor ' has reigned since time immemorial,' Japan exerted strong control over Taiwan's ideology.Zhang Taiyan repeatedly debated with Japanese scholars,sharply opposing them on how to evaluate Kang Youwei's words and deeds.Zhang advocated esteeming the descendants of Confucius as the common lords of the Chinese people.Though he thought that this stance drew upon Japan's theory of the emperor's immemorial reign,yet he was firmly resisted by the Japanese.Their conflict was a clash between two factions of East Asian Confucianism.The conflict centered on two points:first,whether or not to recognize the political and ethical legitimacy of revolution,and second,whether 'loyalty' is a bilateral or unilateral moral obligation.The Meiji theory of the state can be seen as a third point of reference in the political divergence between Kang and Zhang in the late Qing period.In its light,we can understand that Kang and Zhang's political propositions

关 键 词：章太炎 明治国体论 康有为 台湾省 儒学伦理 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学]