第谷月亮理论在中国的传播  

The Dissemination of Tycho Brahe's Lunar Theory in China

作　　者：褚龙飞[1] 石云里[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2013年第3期330-346,共17页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:11173022)

摘　　要：要第谷月亮理论是第谷最重要的天文学贡献之一,通过《崇祯历书》最早传入中国。不过,《崇祯历书》对该理论的介绍存在混乱与矛盾:所用的月亮表以及计算月亮位置的方法是以第谷月亮理论的完整版本为基础的;然而,关于第谷月亮理论的文字描述不仅全然略去了对第谷发现的二均差的明确描述,而且竟然错误地以哥白尼月亮模型来解释该差数表的计算方法。清康熙年间编纂的《历象考成》提出了一个与第谷月亮模型不同、但却完全等效的月亮模型,且该模型与《崇祯历书》及《历象考成》的月亮表可以吻合。有迹象表明,这一模型极有可能是中国天文学家通过研读《崇祯历书》而自创的结果。Tycho Brahe＇s lunar theory is one of his most important contributions to astronomy. It was first introduced into China in the Chongzhen Lishu （Chongzhen Reign Treatises on Calendrical Astronomy）. However, there are a lot of confusions and contradictions in the lunar theory in the Chongzhen Lishu. On the one hand, the tables of lunar motions and the method using these tables to calculate lunar position in the Chongzhen Lishu are obviously based on Tycho Brahe＇s complete lunar theory. On the other hand, however, the textual description of Tycho Brabe＇s lunar theory in the Chongzhen Lishu is quite incomplete. Not only is the Variation, Tycho Brabe＇s greatest discovery in the study of the motion of the moon, not discussed explicitly, but the explanation of the table about Variation is also incorrectly based on Copernicus＇ model of the moon. In the Lixiang Kaocheng （ Thorough Investigation of Calendrical Astronomy） , which was completed in the Kangxi Reign, there is another lunar model. This model turns out to be different from, but basically equivalent to, Tycho Brahe＇s lunar model, and it conforms to the lunar tables in both the Chongzhen Lishu and the Lixiang Kaocheng. In fact, this model was probably established by Chinese astronomers through their study of lunar theory in the Chongzhen Lishu.

关 键 词：第谷 月亮理论 《崇祯历书》 《历象考成》 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P1-092[天文地球—天文学]