太湖典型小流域磷素流失特征分析  

Characteristic analysis of phosphorus loss in typical watersheds of Taihu Basin

作　　者：朱永澍[1] 向龙[1,2] 余钟波[1,2] 陈星[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文与水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [2]水文学与水资源及水利工程国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水资源保护》2013年第4期31-35,共5页Water Resources Protection

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAK10B04);水文水资源与水利工程科学国家实验室开放基金(2011490805);国家自然科学基金(50979022;51209071);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201001030)

摘　　要：以宜兴梅林小流域为研究对象,采用数理统计和系统分析的方法,对典型降雨事件中不同种土地利用类型的磷素流失特征进行分析。结果表明,非点源污染物的流失总量和污染物的质量浓度依赖于降雨过程的产流特征和复杂的下垫面要素特征;不同土地利用类型上的磷素流失随降雨程度的不同而不同,旱地地区表面的磷素最容易随降雨流失,而植被较密林地的磷素流失缓慢;林地等植被覆盖较好下垫面的磷素主要以PO4-P的形态随降雨径流输出;土地的施肥程度、有机腐殖质等对磷素流失的影响不同,地表的扰动程度也直接决定磷素流失的特征。建议根据土地利用类型,通过工程和非工程措施对不同降雨阶段的磷流失特征进行调控,以减少太湖流域的非点源磷素污染。The characteristics of phosphorus losses during typical rainfall events in different land covers in the Meilin watershed, a small watershed located in Yixing City, were analyzed using mathematical statistics and systematical analysis methods. The results show that the total mass and concentration of non-point source pollutants depend on runoff characteristics and complex landscape characteristics. Phosphorus losses from different types of land are various at different rainfall levels, the surface phosphorus in dry-land areas is lost more easily than in woodlands, and the surface phosphorus in woodlands emigrates in the form of PO4-P in runoff. Fertilization and organic humus loss have different effects on phosphorus loss, and disturbance on the land surface determines the characteristics of phosphorus loss. It is suggested that engineering and non-engineering measures should be taken to control phosphorus loss from different types of land in different rainfall stages, in order to control the non-point source phosphorus pollution in the Taihu Basin.

关 键 词：磷素流失 非点源污染 数理统计 系统分析 太湖流域 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]