死刑限制的宪法思考  

Constitutionality of Restrictions on Death Penalty

作　　者：黄晓亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第5期76-82,共7页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2011年度国家社科基金青年项目"死刑限制的宪政分析研究"(11CFX050)

摘　　要：限制死刑的适用,是我国一直以来的死刑政策,但是,对于该政策,理论上从宪法角度所作的研讨并不是很多,而实际上,该政策与人权保障、刑事法治等宪法问题密切相关。在国家权力自我约束的情况下,死刑限制政策符合刑法谦抑性的要求,因而具备自身的法治基础;而死刑限制政策超越死刑是否具有正当性的争论,在人权观念不断进步的情况下为未来废止死刑逐步创造条件,使得自身也具备人权的基础。从宪法的角度寻找死刑限制政策实现的路径,符合我国建设和发展社会主义法治国家的现实需求。根据刑事法的特点,对死刑权的限制,既有程序上的限制,又有实体上的限制,但都是在国家的死刑权与公民的人权之间取得平衡,而这需要考察国家究竟为了维护公共利益而需要在多大程度上限制乃至剥夺公民的生命权。对该路径的研讨,既有助于在法治原则下实现对死刑的限制,又能为死刑制度的发展提供一种理论的前瞻。Application of restricting death penalty has long been the death penalty policy in China. However, there are not enough theoretical discussions of the policy from the perspective of constitution. This is an important issue because the policy is tightly associated with such constitutions as human right protection and criminal government of law. Under the condition of national power in self-control, the restriction of death penalty agrees with the demand of the penalty caution of criminal law, and hence has its own governmental basis. The debate about justice whether the death penalty policy should surpass death penalty, may gradually make conditions for stopping death penalty in the future along the advances of the human right idea, so as to lay a human right basis for the policy itself. In fact, to look for the policy realization route from the angle of constitution confirms the practical requirements of China who is striving to construct and develop itself into a Socialist legal government country. According to the characteristic of criminal law, there are not only procedural but also institutional restrictions for death penalty, but there is an observation for balance, which should observe to what extent the country restrict and even rub the citizens of their life right for the purpose of maintaining the public benefits. Therefore, this study may benefit the realization of the restriction of death penalty and as well provide a theoretical perspective for the relevant development.

关 键 词：死刑限制 宪法 宽严相济刑事政策 

分 类 号：D91[政治法律—法学]