喀斯特小流域分布式土壤侵蚀估算模型  

Distributed Soil Erosion Estimation Model for Small Watershed in Karst Area

作　　者：高翔[1] 蔡雄飞[1] 王济[1] 胡国锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《山地学报》2013年第5期542-547,共6页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD05B06);贵州省优秀青年科技人才培养对象专项资金[黔科合人字(2011)14号];贵州师范大学博士科研启动基金联合资助;2012年度贵州师范大学自然科学类学生科研重点项目~~

摘　　要：为了准确估算喀斯特小流域土壤侵蚀量,根据喀斯特山区小流域复杂地貌特征、径流与侵蚀产沙在垂直方向上的差异性,以栅格DEM为基础,建立了由水文模块和侵蚀模块组成的喀斯特小流域分布式土壤侵蚀模型。其中水文模块选取了改进的喀斯特流域SCS产流模型进行产流量计算,改进的喀斯特流域DHSVM汇流模型进行小裂隙渗流、大裂隙以及管道(地下暗河)流汇流计算。侵蚀模块考虑侵蚀产沙在垂直方向上侵蚀特征的差异性,在典型区域野外调查的基础上,设计室内模拟试验,并对试验数据进行多元线性回归、逐步回归和多元非线性回归分析,建立不同坡度条件下土壤侵蚀模数的多因子模型(非线性回归模型达到极显著或非常显著水平,0.692<R2<0.988)进行产沙量计算,并运用泥沙物质平衡原理完成泥沙输移计算。该模型与GIS结合可实现对土壤侵蚀的时空分布过程进行模拟,为加深对该区域土壤侵蚀过程及模型研究提供参考。In order to accurately estimate amount of soil erosion for small watershed in karst area,according to complex terrain,runoff,differences of soil erosion characteristic in vertical direction,and based on the grid DEM,a distributed soil erosion prediction model for small watershed in karst area is established.The model is composed of hydrological component and erosion component.In the hydrological component,the processes of rainfall and overland flow are taken into account,the implementation of runoff calculation is earried out on the basis of the improved SCS runoff model for small watershed,and the implementation of small crevasse,big crevasse,channel flow or underground river confluence calculation is carried out on the basis of the improved DHSVM model for small watershed in karst area.Based on geography trip,difference of soil erosion characteristic in vertical direction is taken into account in the erosion component,established soil erosion model by using Multiple Linear Regression,Stepwise Regression and Nonlinear Regression method （nonlinear regression models show extremely significant level,0.692 ＜ R2 ＜ 0.988）.The calculation of erosion modulus is realized according to erosion model under different slope based on artificial simulation of rainfall,and the calculation of sediment yield is realized according to the principle of dynamic balance of mass.Combined with GIS,the model can simulate process of spatial-temporal distribution of soil erosion,provides references for deeply understanding soil erosion processes and model research.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀模型 GIS 小流域 喀斯特山区 

分 类 号：P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学] X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]