磁共振成像技术在儿童脑性瘫痪中的应用  

The application of MRI in evaluation of cerebral palsy in children

作　　者：宋旸[1] 蒋昊翔[2] 刘黎明[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院儿保科 [2]西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院影像科,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2013年第4期607-609,617,共4页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：西安市科技计划资助项目(HM1119)

摘　　要：儿童脑性瘫痪是患病率和致残率高的慢性神经系统疾病。随着产科和新生儿重症监护技术水平的提高,早产儿存活率也得到提高,但因其对缺氧、黄疽、低血糖等的耐受能力低下,脑瘫的发生率并未降低,反而呈增高趋势,早产和产前因素逐步成为脑瘫的主要病因。由于病因及损伤时间不同,会使发育中的大脑产生不同的病理改变,导致不同的脑瘫类型。目前临床诊断脑瘫主要依据其高危因素、神经系统症状、肌张力异常、运动障碍、姿势异常及神经影像学异常。常规磁共振成像可发现脑内病变,但对脑组织内部结构不能进行深入分析,具有一定局限性。该文围绕磁共振成像新技术对于脑瘫患儿在诊断、评估、预后价值判断方面作以综述,便于将来对脑瘫患儿提供更多、更全面的诊断参考。Cerebral palsy（CP） is a chronic disease with high incidence and mortality, which commonly occurs in the nervous system of children. Although the survival rate of premature infants is increasing because of improvements in the obstetric and neonatal intensive care techniques, the prevalence of CP is growing due to the limited tolerance of hypoxia, jaundice and hypoglycemia in premature infants. Thus, premature birth and prenatal factors have been regarded as main causes of CP. CP is divided into several types according to various pathologic changes in the developing cerebra which is closely associated with the cause and duration of injury. At present, the clinical diagnosis of CP depends on the high risk factors, symptoms in nervous system, abnormal muscle tension, dyskinesia, abnormal posture, and neuroimaging abnormalities. The conventional MRI can show intracerebral lesions, but it has limited value in further analysis of the internal structure of a brain. The present review aimed at the applied value of newly established techniques of MRI in the diagnosis, assessment and prognosis evaluation of CP in children and, therefore, proposed more convenient and comprehensive diagnostic reference.

关 键 词：脑性瘫痪 磁共振成像 磁共振扩散张量成像 磁共振结构成像 磁共振功能成像 磁共振波谱成像 

分 类 号：R445[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] R725[医药卫生—诊断学]