应用地震波形分类技术识别岩相的适用性和局限性  

THE APPLICABILITY AND LIMITATIONS OF THE SEISMIC WAVE-FORM CLASSIFICATION TECHNOLOGY TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF LITHOLOGICAL FACIES

作　　者：洪忠[1] 张猛刚[1] 苏明军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《物探与化探》2013年第5期904-910,共7页Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司(2008-030504)资助

摘　　要：地震波形分类技术在识别和划分岩相的应用中有其独特的优点,但也存在一定的局限性。通过针对不同岩相的大量实践,深入探讨了影响该技术的应用条件,系统总结了该技术识别岩相的适用性和局限性。研究表明:时窗类型及大小、地震属性体的选择是影响波形分类结果最重要的因素;不同的岩相在地震振幅、频率、相位、时间厚度上存在差异性是正确应用波形分类方法的前提;当岩相间的地震响应差别不明显,或同一岩相横向波形变化较快,无法建立统一的岩相地震波形特征时,波形分类方法的结果不能准确地划分岩相,也没有明确的地质意义。回归到岩相地震响应特点的分析,建立地震响应与岩相的对应关系,开展波形分类技术应用的先验性研究,是成功应用该技术的基础和关键。The application of wave-form classification technology has several obvious advantages in identifying lithological faices. Never- theless,its limitations are also existent. According to lots of practical applications in areas with different lithological facies, this paper deals explicitly with the factors affecting the application results. Also, the applicability and limitations of this technology in recognizing lithological faices have been analyzed systematically. Studies show that the type and length of time window and the selection of seismic attribute volume have the most significant influence on the utilization quality. In addition, the remarkable differences in seismic ampli- tude, frequency, phase, and time thickness of lithological facies constitute the fundamental basis for the appropriate use of the wave-form classification technology. When the seismic reflection responses between different lithologcial facies are not obvious, or the wave-forms change abruptly within the same lithological facies, the results have less geological meaning and are far from dedrable. Focusing on the geophysical response features of lithological facies, establishing the relationship between seismic response and lithological facies and car- rying out the trial application constitute the basic and crucial points for successful utilization of the wave-form classification technology.

关 键 词：波形分类 岩相识别 地震响应 时窗类型 地震属性体 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]