波斑鸨与大鸨卵壳的超微结构比较  

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF EGGSHELL OF Otis undalata macqueenii AND Otis tarda tarda

作　　者：乔建芳[1] 高行宜[1] 杨维康[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2000年第6期463-467,共5页动物学研究（英文）

摘　　要：利用扫描电镜对波斑鸨 (Otisundulatamacqueenii)和大鸨 (Otistardatarda)卵壳的壳膜层、锥体层、海绵层和表层的超微结构进行了比较研究。结果显示 ,作为同属鸟类 ,它们的外壳表面具有相似性 ,即均具有突起及大小不等的气孔 ,壳膜纤维交错成网状 ,海绵层分布有较多蜂窝小孔等。但作为不同的种 ,二者又具有显著差异 ,这种结构上的差异与种的特异性、成鸟的体重、卵的大小及生存环境密切相关。能谱分析表明 ,卵壳元素组成与生活环境相关。Otis undulata macqueenii and Otis tarda tarda are rare and endangered species in the world,and listed in the first category protected animal in China. This paper deals with our studies on the ultrastructural eggshell of these two species with scanning electron microscopy. The microstructures of the eggshell of O. u. macqueenii and O.t.tarda are composed chiefly of inner shell membrane,outer shell membrane,cone layer,spongy layer and outer layer. Their characteristics are following: ① Outer eggshell membrane layer Under the scanning electron microscopy the outer shell membrane of both species appear dense mat fibre with some bud projections and interweave into net and arrange in many layers. There is also obvious difference between these two species. The diameter of the membrane fibre of O t tarda is wider than that of O u macqueenii ,but the membrane fibre of O u macqueenii is much compacter than that of O t tarda . In addition,the bud projections on shell membrane fibre of O u mac queenii are more profuse than those of O t tarda . ② Cone layer The cone knobs of the eggshell of O u macqueenii are arranged thickly in flower shape,while those of eggshell of O t tarda are arranged loosely in different shape and size and consist of several cone cores. ③ Spongy layer The spongy layer is the hardest part of the eggshell. There are many gas-filled vesicular hole in this layer. ④ Outer layer The outer surface of the eggshell of both Otis undulata macqueenii and Otis tarda tarda is rough and has many granules and many pore mouths in various size and appearance. The granules on the outer surface of eggshell of O u macqueenii are more than those of O t tarda . The pore mouths of the latter are less than those of the former,but larger. There is a protein membrane produced by oviduct to prevent bacterium and water loss. Results of the energy spectrometer show that the element component of eggshell is related with the habitat as

关 键 词：波斑鸨 大鸨 卵壳 超微结构 能谱分析 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]