气相氟氯交换合成氢氟烃的催化剂及反应机理  

Catalyst and Mechanism of Gas-phase F/Cl Exchange Reactions for HFCs Synthesis-A Review

作　　者：李利春[1] 牛怀成[1] 韩文锋[1] 唐浩东[1] 李瑛[1] 刘化章[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学工业催化研究所,杭州310032

出　　处：《化工生产与技术》2013年第4期1-8,66,共8页Chemical Production and Technology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY12B03007);钱江人才计划(2010R10039)项目资助

摘　　要：总结了气相氟氯交换合成氢氟烃(HFCs)的各类反应所用催化剂,指出了催化剂的表面活性物种以及催化剂表面性质对氟氯交换反应的影响,以及催化剂失活与再生的原理;介绍了氟氯交换反应机理,阐述了催化剂表面的吸附反应历程,指出了催化剂表面的不稳定F-原子和Lewis酸位点是催化反应得以进行的先决条件。认为应进一步强化气相氟氯交换反应机理等基础研究,而氟化催化剂的研究方向可以与材料的合成方法相结合,创造合适的Lewis酸位点,延长催化剂寿命,可以通过提高催化剂的比表面积、加入其他助剂来实现。In the present work, the catalysts used in the gas-phase F/Cl exchange reactions for HFCs synthesis were reviewed.Attention has been focused on the effect of catalyst surface properties and active surface species on F/Cl exchange reaction as well as the deactivation and regeneration mechanism. The reaction mechanisms were discussed in this paper. Special attention was paid to the adsorption and reaction process on the catalyst surface. It is believed that the unstable fluoride on the catalyst surface and the coordinatively unsaturated surface metal cation sites(Lewis acid sites) are the key factors for the F/Cl exchange reactions. A brief outlook of the future research on gas-phase F/Cl exchange catalysts was also provided. Basic research on gas-phase F/Cl exchange reaction mechanism shall be strengthened, the research direction of fluorination catalyst can be combined with synthesis methods of materials, such as creating the appropriate Lewis acid sites and extending the catalyst life, which is achieved by increasing the catalysts specific surface and joining other additives.

关 键 词：氢氟烃 氟氧化铝 氟化铬 氟化铝 氟氯交换 

分 类 号：TQ426.94[化学工程]