岷江源区植物群落物种多样性分析  

Species Diversity of Plant Community in the Origin Area of the Minjiang River,Southwestern China

作　　者：张贺全[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省工程咨询中心,西宁810001

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第5期135-140,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000046807)

摘　　要：取样调查了岷江源区植被及其环境因子,利用多元统计方法揭示了该区植物群落物种多样性及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:不同植被类型的物种多样性表现为森林群系>灌丛群系>草甸群系。柳灌丛、窄叶鲜卑花灌丛、绣线菊灌丛、锦鸡儿灌丛的草本层多样性较高,沙棘灌丛和小果小檗灌丛较低。草甸群系中,白茅草甸和苔草草甸多样性较高,蒿草草甸和高山草甸的物种多样性较低。锦鸡儿灌丛灌木层多样性较高,沙棘灌丛的多样性最低。岷江源区植物群落物种组成受海拔梯度的影响强烈,不同海拔梯度的物种组成差异明显。植物群落在2 900～3 100,3 500～3 700m海拔段有较高的物种多样性,2 700～2 900,3 100～3 400,3 700～3 900m海拔段的多样性较低。土壤因子与地形因子之间,海拔和坡向对土壤养分因子的影响较大,主要影响全N、土壤含水量和pH值。地形因子和植被因子之间,海拔和坡向影响灌木层多样性、盖度以及草本层的盖度。植被因子和土壤因子之间,土壤全N量、速效K和土壤含水量影响草本层、灌木层的盖度和多样性。Abstract：Species diversity of plant community is one of the major components of ecosystem functions. It was influenced by many environmental factors, such as soil and topographic characteristics. Conversely, plant community diversity patterns also influence the soil characteristics. The upper reaches of the Minjiang River is located in the transition zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Sichuan Basin. It has a typical arid yalley climate with complex topography and variable water and heat conditions. Based on the field investiga- tion of plant species and environmental factors （altitude, microtopography, soil water content, and soil nu- trients） in the origin area of Minjiang River, Sichuan Province, southwestern China, plant community diver- sity and its relationship with environmental factors were studied. The diversity in different vegetation types varied as follows： forest formations〉shrub formations〉meadow formations. The diversity in herb layer of form Salix spp. , form Sibiraea angustata, form Spiraea spp. and form Caragana spp. are at high level, while form Hippophae rhamnoides and form Berberis amurensis are at lower level. In meadow formations, the diversity of form Imperata cylindrica and form Carex spp. are higher than that of form Sub-alpine and form Kobresia spp. As for shrub layer, form Caragana spp. has the highest diversity, form Hippophae rh- arnnoides has the lowest diversity. Diversity in herb layer is higher than that of shrub layer. Under a great influence of altitude gradient, species compositions in plant communities in the origin area of Minjiang River show significant differences. With an increase of altitude, diversity of both the herb layer and shrub layer displays symmetrical changing trends that they are almost the same at altitude ranges of 2 700~3 300 m and 3 300~3 900 m. The higher diversity can be observed at altitude ranges of 2 900~3 100 m and 3 500~3 700 m, while a lower one can be observed at altitude ranges of 2 700~2 900 m, 3 100~3 400, 3 700~3 900 m.

关 键 词：岷江源区 植物群落 物种多样性 环境因子 典型相关分析 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]