不同钾肥施用量对夏甘薯龙薯24号生长及产量的影响  

Effects of potassium fertilizing on yield of summer sweet potato variety Longshu24

作　　者：梁金平[1] 

机构地区：[1]龙岩市农业科学研究所,福建龙岩364000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2013年第9期1488-1493,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家甘薯产业技术体系龙岩综合试验站项目(CARS-11-C-07)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨不同钾肥施用量对夏甘薯新品种龙薯24号产量的影响效应,为该品种钾肥施用提供参考依据.[方法]采用单因素随机区组设计,分析不同钾肥施用量（0、75、150、225、300、375 kg/ha）对甘薯性状、产量、干物质积累和钾肥利用率的影响.[结果]夏甘薯龙薯24号各处理间茎粗无差异,各处理间平均单株蔓重差异显著（P＜0.05,下同）,低钾处理有所增加,高钾处理下受到抑制;施钾可以提高基部分枝数.不同施钾量间块根干率存在差异,不施肥处理虽然鲜薯产量和薯干产量均最低,但其薯块干物质率最高,与其他处理间差异达显著水平.低钾处理有利于提高大中薯率,高钾处理大中薯率反而下降.施钾能提高块根膨大期（移栽后90～120 d）的块根膨大速率峰值、块根干重积累量和单株干物质积累量,降低地上部茎叶重量与地下部块根重量的比值（T/R）.以鲜薯产量为目标的最佳施钾量为250 kg/ha,以薯干和淀粉产量为目标的最佳施钾量为212.5 kg/ha,以生物产量为目标的最佳施钾量为162.5 kg/ha.钾肥吸收利用率呈现肥料报酬递减的规律.[结论]在土壤含钾量为120mg/kg的肥力水平下,施N 90 kg/ha、P2O590kg/ha、K2O 300 kg/ha,夏甘薯龙薯24号获得最高鲜薯产量57190.5 kg/ha,最高薯干产量为15876.1 kg/ha,最高淀粉产量为10174.2 kg/ha.[ Objective ] The effects of potassium （K） fertilizing on yield of summer sweet potato variety Longshu24 were studied to provide technical support for K fertilizing application. [ Method ]Using randomized block design, traits, yields, dry matter accumulation of sweet potato and K fertilizing use efficiency were analyzed under the K fertilizing application dose of 0,75,150,225,300 and 375 kg/ha, respectively. [ Result ]Stem diameter of summer sweet potato variety Long- shu24 showed no differences in different treatments. The average stem weight had significant differences among the treat- ments. It was increased under the low K fertilizing and restrained under the high K fertilizing. Applying K fertilizing could increase the numbers of base branches. The root dry rate had significant differences among treatments. The root fresh and dry yield of no fertilizing was the lowest among treatments, while its root dry rate was the highest and significantly differed from other treatments （P〈0.05, similarly hereinafter）. The low level of K fertilizing increased the portion in large- and medium-sized sweet potato,but the high level of K fertilizing decreased the portion in large- and medium-sized sweet potato. The K fertilizing could improve the velocity peak, the dry matter accumulation of storage root and the dry matter ac- cumulation of single plant during transplanting 90-120 days. It reduced the value of T/R. The optimal amount of K fertiliz- ing was 250 kg/ha for producing high yield of fresh tuber ,212.5 kg/ha for producing high yield of dried sweet potato and starch ,and 162.5 kg/ha for producing high yield of total plant. The K fertilizing use efficiency showed the fertilizing law of diminishing returns. [Conclusion]Under the conditions of available K （120 mg/kg） in soil moisture, for the maximum dry tuber （15876.1 kgPaa） yield, fresh yield （57190.5 kg/ha）, and starch yield （10174.2 kg/ha）, N, P205 and K20 applica- tion was 90,90 and 300 kg/ha, respectively.

关 键 词：钾肥 施用量 产量 龙薯24号 

分 类 号：S531.062[农业科学—作物学]