黄河水沙变化及设计水沙条件  

Variation Characteristics and Design Condition of the Yellow River Water and Sediment

作　　者：万占伟[1] 安催花[1] 李庆国[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2013年第10期26-29,共4页Yellow River

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC10B02);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201001012)

摘　　要：利用黄河干支流主要控制站实测水沙资料，分析了黄河水沙的基本特性和近期黄河水沙变化的主要表现，结合已有规划研究成果，预估了不同水平年黄河的来水来沙量，提出了应用于流域综合规划和专项研究的设计水沙条件和水沙代表系列。结果表明：水少、沙多、水沙关系不协调是黄河水沙的基本特征；1986年以来，黄河中下游水沙量大幅减小，汛期径流比重减少，有利于输沙的大流量历时和水量大幅减少；预计到2020年、2030年，黄河多年平均天然径流量分别为519.8亿、514.8亿m3，年均沙量分别为10.5亿~11.0亿t、9.5亿~10.0亿t；根据2020水平年1956—2000年系列水沙条件，选取1968—1979 年＋1987—1996年作为水沙代表系列，该系列龙门、华县、河津、氵状头4站年均水量为278.03亿m3、沙量为10.77亿t，其中前12 a年均水量为290.17亿m3、沙量为11.48亿t,后10 a年均水量为263.47亿m3、沙量为9.93亿t。Based on the actual measured water and sediment data of main hydrologic stations located on the tributaries and the Yellow River, the basic characteristics and the main variation of the Yellow River water and sediment were analyzed. Considering of present planning research, the Yellow River water and sediment in different level years were forecasted. The design condition and representative series of water and sediment ap- plying to a comprehensive plan for river basin and special research were proposed. The results show that insufficient water, excessive sediment and imbalance of the two are the basic characteristics of the Yellow River. Since 1986, the water and sediment of the upper and middle reaches have been greatly reduced. The natural runoff proportion of flood season declines and the runoff condition which is beneficial to sediment transport re- duces significantly. It is estimated that the Yellow River~ mean annual natural runoff will be 51.98 billion and 51.48 billion m3 respectively, the mean annual natural sediment are 1.05 billion - 1.10 billion and 0.95 billion ~ 1.0 billion tons in 2020 and 2030 respectively. According to 1956 -2000 water and sediment series of 2020 level year, the 1968 -1979 combined with 1987 -1996 are chose as representative series of water and sediment. In the series, the mean annual water and sediment of Longmen, Huaxian, Hejin and Zhuangtou are 27. 803 billion m3 and 1. 077 billion tons, of which, in the first 12 years, the mean annual water and sediment are 29. 017 billion m3 and 1. 148 billion tons and in the last 10 years, the mean annum water and sediment are 26. 347 billion m3 and 0. 993 billion tons.

关 键 词：下垫面 降水 水土保持 水沙变化 设计水沙条件 黄河 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学] TV882.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]