论儒家的礼物观  

On the Confucian Philosophy of Gift

作　　者：孙邦金[1] 陈安金[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院暨当代国外马克思主义研究中心

出　　处：《哲学研究》2013年第10期34-41,127,共8页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“儒学传统的近代转化研究”(编号10BZX041);教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目“清代中期儒学传统的自我转化与突破研究”(编号12YJC720028)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：中国是礼仪之邦，礼文化异常发达。正所谓“统承先王，修其礼物”（《尚书·微子之命》），“无礼不相见也”（《仪礼·士相见礼》），“不以贽，不敢见”（《礼记·表记》），礼物交换在小至走亲访友，大到婚丧嫁娶、朝聘会盟等场合都是不可或缺的。儒家文化传统素重“礼尚往来”，“三礼”等经籍文本对礼物的本质、形式、种类与馈赠原则等问题有着不厌其繁的详细规定。清儒姚际恒说：“古者相见，先之以介绍，将之以辞命，附之以礼物。”（姚际恒，第77页）过去人们如此，现在人们亦同样乐此不疲地交换礼物。正是礼物在人际之间循环不竭地流动，造就了浓郁多样、深具特色的中国礼物文化，并催生了规模庞大的以礼物生产与交换为内容的礼物经济。Gift is very common thing in the world.As a kind of rite and music(Li-Yue) civilization,the Chinese culture and Confucian tradition in especial had the most colorful classical records and metaphysical theory about gift,thus gradually formed a complete theory of gift with strong morality sense.Although the Confucian philosophy of gift contains many internal tensions such as moral gift and unmoral gift,impartial exchange and partial exchange,public and private and so on,but it always emphasizes the great social functions of gift exchange and the importance to purify gift.In order to turn back excessive commercialization and monetization of gift in contemporary China,it is necessary for us to re-examine the non-commodity nature of gift,restate the characteristics of emotionalism and moral symbolism and its modern significance in Confucian philosophy of gift.

关 键 词：儒家文化传统 礼物交换 礼仪之邦 礼尚往来 “三礼” 礼文化 姚际恒 微子 

分 类 号：K204[历史地理—历史学]