不同复垦方式对铝矿废弃地土壤微生物多样性的影响研究  

Effects of Different Reclamation Patterns on Soil Microbial Diversity in Abandoned Aluminum Mining Land

作　　者：张瑞娟[1] 李华[1] 王爱英[1] 张强[2] 郜春花[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境与资源学院,太原030006 [2]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,太原030012

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第10期2012-2019,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2008BAD95B04);山西省重大专项(20121101009)

摘　　要：土壤微生物被认为是土壤生态系统的预警及敏感指标之一,对土壤质量变化有重要指示作用,直接体现土壤的生态功能。以山西省孝义铝矿废弃地土壤样品为研究对象,通过施肥及前茬双因素随机组合,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法,分析了不同复垦方式对铝矿废弃地复垦区土壤微生物的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥能显著提高土壤微生物生物量(P<0.05),其中以有机+无机肥为最佳施肥模式,与对照相比,在前茬种植大豆、箭舌豌豆、毛苕子,前茬玉米秸秆还田和前茬玉米整秸秆覆盖条件下,土壤微生物总量分别提高了5.70、8.03、31.27、15.65、5.22 nmol·g-1;(2)3种前茬作物(大豆、箭舌豌豆、毛苕子)中,毛苕子可有效增加土壤微生物生物量,前茬玉米秸秆还田较前茬玉米整秸秆覆盖更能显著提高土壤微生物生物量(P<0.05),在施加有机肥、有机+无机肥、无机肥和不施肥条件下,土壤微生物总量分别提高了8.39、12.06、5.18、1.63 nmol·g-1;(3)本试验最佳复垦模式为前茬种植毛苕子,同时施加有机+无机肥,土壤微生物总量最高(31.58 nmol·g-1)。上述结果表明,在铝矿废弃地的复垦过程中,前茬处理配合施肥能有效提高土壤微生物生物量。The reclamation of wasteland can increase farmland area and relieve the farmland pressure of China. Soil microbial community significantly monitors soil quality changes and directly determines the soil ecosystem functions. This field experiment was carried out in re- claimed minesoils of the aluminum mining wasteland in 2010 in Xiaoyi County, Shanxi Province, North China. The purpose is to character- ize the soil microbial diversity under different reclamation patterns（ l.Fertilization treatments：manure, manure with chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and control treatment, i.e. without any fertilizer. 2. Preceding treatments：soybean-corn rotation, Vicia sativa-corn rota- tion, Vicia villosa-corn rotation, corn straw returning, and whole corn stalk mulch）. The randomized complete block design and PLFA method were used in reclaimed minesoils with each treatment in triplicate. The results showed that： （ 1 ）Fertilization significantly increased the soil microbial biomass （P〈0.05）, and manure with chemical fertilizer was the best fertilization pattern. Under different preceding treat- ments, the amount of soil microorganisms increased by 5.70, 8.03, 31.27, 15.65 nmol. g-l and 5.22 nmol g-l. （2）Vicia villosa can significant- ly increase the soil microbial biomass among the 3 preceding crops（soybean, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa）. Corn straw returning showed better results than whole corn stalk mulch（P〈0.05 ）. Under fertilization and unfertilized control treatments, the amount of soil microorganisms in- creased by 8.39, 12.06, 5.18 nmol- g 1 and 1.63 nmol g-l. （ 3 ）The amount of soil microorganisms was highest（ 31.58 nmol- g-1 ） under the treatment of preceding Vicia villosa and manure with chemical fertilizers. Overall, both preceding treatments and fertilization can improve the soil microbial biomass in aluminum mining wasteland.

关 键 词：铝矿废弃地 复垦 土壤微生物 磷脂脂肪酸 

分 类 号：X753[环境科学与工程—环境工程]