不同施肥技术对单季稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的影响研究  

Effects of Different Fertilization Techniques on the Emission of Methane and Nitrous Oxide from Single Cropping Rice

作　　者：贺非[1] 马友华[1] 杨书运[1] 江波[1] 左怀峰[1] 颜晓元[2] 马静[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源环境学院,合肥230036 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室/中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第10期2093-2098,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：2011年公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201103039)

摘　　要：以麦茬稻田为对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对巢湖地区常规施肥、高产施肥、高产施肥+脲酶抑制剂、控失肥4种肥料处理下稻田CH4和N2O的排放进行测定,研究控失肥和脲酶抑制剂两种技术措施对单季稻CH4和N2O排放的综合影响。结果表明:各处理间CH4排放的季节变化模式没有明显不同,但排放量大小有明显差异;高产施肥+脲酶抑制剂与控失肥处理的CH4季节累积排放量分别为28.81 g·m-2和32.68 g·m-2,较常规施肥处理分别减少了25.8%和15.8%,而N2O的季节累积排放量没有明显差异。对CH4和N2O排放的综合温室效应分析表明,高产施肥+脲酶抑制剂与控失肥处理的综合温室效应比常规施肥处理分别降低了2 581.92 kg eqCO2·hm-2和1 561.96 kg eqCO2·hm-2,单位产量的GWP分别减少了29.9%和18.9%,均达到显著性差异。对于巢湖地区单季稻,高产施肥+脲酶抑制剂和控失肥处理对于粮食增产和稻田温室气体减排具有一定的作用。The field experiments were carried out on the rice crop from the rotation system of rice-wheat in Chao Lake basin. The emission characteristics of methane and nitrous oxide from the rice crop farmland with regular fertilization, high-yielding fertilization, high-yielding fertilization＋urease inhibitors and loss-control fertilizer were studied with static chamber-gas chromatograph technique to research the influ- ence of the loss-control fertilizer and urease inhibitors on the single cropping rice＇ s emissions of methane and nitrous oxide. The results showed that there was no obvious seasonal change for the emission mode of methane, but there was a great difference among the methane e- mission load. The accumulate emission loads of methane of rice crop treated with high-yielding fertilization ＋ urease inhibitors and loss-con- trol fertilizer were respectively 28.81 g m-2 and 32.68 g m-2, which were reduced by 25.8% and 15.8% respectively, compared with the treat- ment of regular fertilization, while there were no obvious difference among the accumulate emission load of nitrous oxide with the same treat- ments. The studies suggested that the greenhouse effects of single cropping rice with high-yielding fertilization＋urease inhibitors and loss- control fertilizer were respectively decreased by 2 581.92 kg eqCO2 ＂hm~ and 1 561.96 kg eqCO2 ＂hm-2 than regular fertilization with the decrement by 29.9% and 18.9% of per unit output of GWP（Global Warming Potentials ）. High-yielding fertilization＋urease inhibitors and loss-control fertilizer had a significant effect on the increase of rice yield and the reduce of greenhouse gases emission in Chao Lake basins.

关 键 词：水稻 肥料 CH4 N2O 温室气体效应 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]