普通轿车燃烧特性的试验研究  

Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristic of Ordinary Car

作　　者：宋波[1] 赵力增[1] 白殿涛[1] 智会强[1] 王海娟[1] 王健强[1] 田立伟[1] 罗宗军[1] 张君娜[1] 刘欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]公安部天津消防研究所,研究员天津300381

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2013年第7期26-31,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支持计划项目(2011BAK03B04)

摘　　要：为研究普通轿车火灾状况下的燃烧特性,给汽车库火灾防治提供基础数据,利用10 MW大型量热器,对3辆普通轿车的燃烧特性进行试验研究。3次试验点火源分别位于发动机舱、油箱和驾驶室,重点分析火灾发展状况及火灾对周围环境的影响。试验测量参数主要包括火灾热释放速率、对周围环境的热辐射强度、汽车表面及周围火场温度等。研究结果表明,普通轿车火灾发展与点火位置及汽车材料密切相关,在火灾增长阶段,汽车火灾发展速率因点火位置的不同而异,火灾增长速率最大可超过t2超快速火。火灾时,若无汽油大面积外泄,热释放速率一般不超过4.5 MW,若油箱发生大面积漏油,火灾热释放速率可达6.8 MW,距离车辆0.6 m处的热辐射强度一般会超过汽车的临界引燃热辐射强度,相邻车辆容易被引燃。To make a study of combustion characteristic of ordinary car under fire conditions and provide basic data for garage fire prevention,the development test of combustion characteristic of three ordinary cars is done.The research is mainly focused on fire development and influence of fire on surrounding environment,when the ignition source is located in the engine compartment,the cockpit and the tank,etc.The parameters of hest release rate,thermal radiation intensity,surface temperature of the car and the temperature around the fire are measured.It is found that the fire development of car is closely related to ignition position and car materials.In fire growth stage,the fire development rate is different depending on ignition position and the maximum of fire growth rate is larger than that of the ultra-fast fire.In case of fire,if the large area leakage of gasoline does not occur,the heat release rate is generally not more than 4.5 MW.And if the large area leakage of gasoline occurs,the heat release rate can go up to 6.8 MW.Thermal radiation intensity away from car 0.6 m usually exceeds critical ignition thermal radiation intensity of car and the adjacent cars are easy to be ignited.

关 键 词：轿车火灾 燃烧特性 热释放速率 热辐射 大型量热器 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]