不同施氮方式对玉米产量及N_2O排放的影响  

Effect of Different N Application Methods on Yield,N_2O Emission of Maize

作　　者：刘慧颖[1] 华利民[1] 张鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2013年第5期76-80,共5页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：农业部农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目"环渤海区域农业碳氮平衡定量评价及调控技术研究"(200803036);农业部农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目"农业源温室气体监测与控制技术研究"(201103039)

摘　　要：通过3年定位试验,采用静态箱/气相色谱法对壤质草甸土区玉米生产进行了全生长季N2O排放通量的观测,分析了不同施氮方式对N2O排放总量、排放系数和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:减少氮肥用量20%的缓控释肥处理与秸秆还田配化肥处理产量居高,而且二者间差异不显著;秸秆还田促进了农田土壤N2O排放,使得秸秆还田配化肥处理的年均N2O季节排放总量最高,达到1.50 kg N·hm-2;年均N2O季节排放总量与施肥量之间相关系数达到了0.97;随着试验年限的增加,N2O-N季节排放系数受施肥量的影响逐年增加,相关系数从2009年的-0.015增加到2011年的0.624。因此不同施氮方式对N2O季节排放的影响需要通过多年定位来准确把握,同时在研究农田N2O-N季节排放时要适当考虑植株生长过程中N2O的排放。兼顾产量和减排2个因素,建议推广缓控释肥的减量施用。Manual static opaque chamber/gas chromatography was used to measure the growing seasonal fluxes of nitrous oxide （ N20 ） of maize in a 3-year field experiment. The effects of no nitrogen fertilization （CK）, traditional fertilization （FP）, optimized N fertilization （OFF）, optimized N fertilization with straw returning（OPTS） and control-released fertilization（CRF） on inter-annual maize yield, seasonal total N20 fluxes and NEO emission factors（EF） from loamy meadow soil were investigated. The results showed that maize yields of CRF and OPTS were similar, which were all higher than those of CK, FP, OPT treatments. Straw returning increased N20 emissions and the average N20 emission peak within 3 years of OPTS was up to 1.50 kg N＂ hm-2. Nitrogen fertilization amount and seasonal total NzO fluxes were significant correlated with an R2 of 0.97. Correlation coefficient between EF and nitrogen fertilization amount increased from -0.015 to 0.624 within 3 years. There- fore, the study on farmland NEO-N emission could be accurate by long-term monitoring and should be appropriate to consider the plant NzO- N emission. With attention to both yield and N20-N emission reduction, reduced application of controlled-release fertilization was recom- mended.

关 键 词：氮肥 玉米 产量 N_2O排放 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学]