上海滨岸潮滩沉积物重金属元素的空间分布与累积  

Spatial Distribution and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Tidal Flat Sediments of Shanghai Coastal Zone

作　　者：陈振楼[1] 许世远[1] 柳林[1] 余佳[1] 俞立中[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理系

出　　处：《地理学报》2000年第6期641-651,共11页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目!( 498730 30 ;4 9771 0 1 1 );上海市青年科技启明星计划资助项目!( 97QA1 4 0 2 3);上海市教育发展基金

摘　　要：对上海滨岸潮滩沉积物重金属元素空间分布格局的系统分析表明 ,由于受多年来城市工业废水和生活污水沿岸直排、以及城市汽车尾气和工业粉尘干湿沉降的影响 ,本区潮滩表层沉积物中 Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb等重金属元素的污染程度已相当严重。大型排污口附近滩地、水动力条件较弱的高潮滩部位、以及沉积物亚表层 1 0～ 30 cm深度是重金属累积并形成富集的主要部位 ,沿岸排污、水动力作用、大型工程活动、早期成岩作用。Surface and core sediment samples were taken from 15 sites at high, middle and low tidal flats of Shanghai coastal zone on July, 1998. The sediment cores were sliced into 1 cm thick sections. All surface and sliced core sediment samples were dried, ground and sieved, then digested with HFHClO4HNO3 and made up to a standard volume. Concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe and Mn were determined by a flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). For the determination of Cd, AAS with graphite furnace was used. The average concentrations of heavy metals in surface sediments of Shanghai coastal zone are arranged in the following order: Zn>Cu>Cr>PbCd. The concentrations of Cd is almost three orders of magnitude lower than that of other heavy metals and shows no obvious pollution. However, the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr are 2~5 time higher than their background values and show very serious pollution trend due to the direct discharge of industrial and municipal sewage along the Shanghai tidal flat. Along the south bank of Yangtze estuary, the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cr decrease from the upper estuary to lower estuary, with the peak at both sites of Shidongkou and Bailonggang sewage outlet. However, there are no obvious changes in the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cr along the north bank of Hangzhou bay. The average concentrations of heavy metals in the south bank of Yangtze estuary are 50%~180% higher than that in the north bank of Hangzhou bay, Chongmingdongwangsha bank and Jiuduanzhongsha bank. These results indicate that heavy metals prefer to accumulate in the sediments near sewage outlet. The concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cr in sediments of the study area are closely related with geomorphic units of tidal flat except Pb. They appear to be enriched in the sediments of high flat, with a concentration being 30%~70% higher than that of middle and low flat. This cross section pattern is mainly caused by tidal hydrodynamic action. However, the violent human activities, such as the building of large engineerin

关 键 词：上海 沉积物 重金属元素 空间分布 空间累积 

分 类 号：P736.41[天文地球—海洋地质] X142[天文地球—海洋科学]