19世纪美国印第安人与黑人关系的变迁——以美国东南部五大文明部落为例的考察  

On the Change of the American Indian-Black Relationship in 19th Century:A Case Study on the Five Civilized Tribes in the Southeastern United States

作　　者：丁见民[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第5期123-132,共10页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部社会科学规划项目(12YJA770010);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NKZXB10070)

摘　　要：19世纪美国五大文明部落中印第安人与黑人之间的关系不断地发生重大变化。19世纪上半叶,土著部落接受黑人奴隶制,人身所有成为这一时期印第安人与黑人关系的主要特征。内战后重建时期,在美国政府的强大压力下,五大文明部落不得不相继取消黑人奴隶制,赋予黑人自由人一定的权利。不过到19世纪末期,五大部落又面临着经济和政治上的双重压力,处于重压和绝望之下的印第安人再次将种族歧视和对立的矛头指向处于弱势地位的黑人,部落中印第安人与黑人之间的关系再次紧张起来。在上述的种种变化中,印第安人与黑人关系受到印白关系、白人与黑人关系的制约。也正是在后两种关系的影响下,印第安人与黑人关系不断变化,呈现出一种和白人-黑人关系类似的发展轨迹。Indian -black relationship in Five Civilized Tribes had transformed greatly in the 19th century. After the American Indians accepted the racist attitudes and theories of the white society since the late 18th and early 19th century, Five Civilized Tribes had established negro slavery gradually. Then, Indian - owned slave property became the main characteris- tic of Indian - black relationship. During the Reconstruction era, Five Civilized Tribes upon the huge pressure of the Unit- ed States had to abolish negro slavery in their tribes and endow them with freedom and certain rights. But until the late 19th Century, the American Indians confronted with great economic and political pressures, thus beginning to discriminate vio- lently against the ex -slaves and other blacks in Indian Territory. Even worse, racial antagonism emerged between the American Indians and the blacks. In conclusion, Indian - black relationship was almost similar to that of blacks and whites during the same period.

关 键 词：五大文明部落 印第安人-黑人关系 黑人奴隶制 种族歧视 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]