Schwann细胞发育和去分化的分子机制  

The molecular mechanism of Schwann cells development and dedifferentiation

作　　者：胡凯耀[1] 任浩宇[1] 杨忠[2] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学学员旅1队 [2]第三军医大学临床血液学教研室,重庆400038

出　　处：《解剖科学进展》2013年第5期440-443,共4页Progress of Anatomical Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.31171148)

摘　　要：Schwann细胞是周围神经系统内的髓鞘形成细胞,在发育过程中经由一系列基因的准确表达及微环境因素的调控分化成熟并产生髓鞘。在外周神经受损后的Wallerian氏变性过程中,Schwann细胞的前体细胞基因激活而去分化形成幼稚前体是神经纤维再生的关键环节;由于其高度可塑性,Schwann细胞也在参与外周神经再生的病理过程中尤为重要。几年来对Schwann细胞发育分化过程、以ERK/MAPK为核心的内在信号途径调控其去分化及可塑性的认识日益深入。这些对阐明外周神经发育、损伤再生的细胞分子过程及脱髓鞘等周围神经病变的治疗具有重要意义。Schwann cells are myelin-forming cells in the peripheral nervous system（PNS）, derived from the neural crest progenitors through accurate expression of a variety of genes as well as the regulation of microenvironment. Upon the injury of peripheral nerve, these cells activate the precursor genes and dedifferentiate into precursors in the Wallerian degeneration area, serving as an essential support for the regeneration of nerve fibres. Schwann ceils are also especially important with participating in the pathological processes of PNS regeneration due to their high plasticity. ERK/MAPK signal dominating pathways were proved to be involved in the molecular mechanism of Schwann cell development and differentiation. All above are of great significance for evaluating the cellular and molecular process including development and regeneration of the nerve, neurofibroma and demyelinating diseases in the PNS.

关 键 词：细胞发育 去分化 分子机制 SCHWANN细胞 SCHWANN细胞 ERK MAPK 神经纤维再生 周围神经系统 

分 类 号：R329.28[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]