优秀男子举重运动员赛前训练的生理生化监控  

Physiological and Biochemical Monitoring in Pre-competition Training of Elite Weightlifters

作　　者：赵鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《体育科研》2013年第5期67-71,共5页Sport Science Research

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运攻关项目(2011A064)

摘　　要：目的:对国家男子举重队重点队员在2012中国举重锦标赛(奥运选拔赛)和奥运备战赛前的生理、生化指标进行监控,总结现有的赛前训练的模式,为教练员及时了解运动员的身体反应、修订训练计划和调整训练负荷、保证运动员在大赛前机能处于良好状态提供参考。方法:在国家男子举重队2012年奥运选拔赛和备战奥运的赛前期,运用生理、生化指标对国家队5个重点级别,6名运动员进行训练监控。结果:奥运选拔赛前的训练模式为赛前第2周训练强度和负荷达到最大,之后训练强度和量缓慢降低。奥运备战赛前的训练模式是大强度大负荷周与小强度小负荷周交替出现,总体呈下降趋势。选拔赛的赛前模式优于奥运备战的赛前训练模式。结论:两次赛前训练结果比较发现,锦标赛赛前训练模式优于奥运备战赛前训练;训练强度起始较大随后缓慢下降,整体训练负荷较稳定的训练可以保持运动员在赛前训练阶段的生理机能的稳定,同时提高运动员的肌肉爆发力,增强竞技状态;强度中等、训练负荷较大且整体训练量呈波动趋势的训练易于给运动员造成一定的身体不适,引起运动疲劳的积累,导致赛前竞技能力的降低。Physiological and biochemical monitoring was taken for the key athletes of National Men＇s Weightlifting Team before the Olympic Trials and the Olympic Preparations.The existing pre-competition training model was reviewed to help the coaches have better information of the athlete＇s body reaction,revise the training programs and adjust the training load with the aim of ensuring the athletes in good condition before competition.Method： 6 weightlifters of 5 key grades in the National Men＇s Weightlifting Team were monitored with physiological and biochemical indexes in the pre-competition period of 2012 Olympic Trials and Olympic Preparations.Result： The training mode before the Olympic Trials is to arrange maximum intensity and load in the second week and then to lower the training intensity and volume slowly.While the training mode before the Olympic Games is to alternate the high intensity and heavy load week with low intensity and light load week.The training intensity and load decrease gradually in general.The pre-competition mode before the Olympic Trials is better than that before the Olympic Preparations.Conclusion： The comparison between the results of the two pre-game training shows that the training mode before the championships is better than that in the Olympic Preparations.The training mode with heavy intensity at first and followed by slow decline and with stable training load in general may help athletes keep physiological stability in the pre-competition phase.It can improve muscle strength and enhance competitive state.While the training mode with medium intensity and heavy load and with fluctuating training volume in general is easy to make athletes feel uncomfortable and results in fatigue accumulation.The pre-competition ability then decreases.

关 键 词：举重 赛前训练 生理生化监控 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]