种间杂交培育“温岭高橙”三倍体杂种  

Creation of triploid hybrid of "Wenling Gaocheng" orange by interspecific cross

作　　者：陈方永[1] 倪海枝[1] 徐小菊 陈青英 方海涛 王引[1] 陈正连 

机构地区：[1]浙江省柑橘研究所,浙江黄岩318020 [2]浙江省温岭市农林局特产站,浙江温岭317500 [3]浙江省玉环县林特局,浙江玉环317600 [4]浙江省乐清市农业局特产站,浙江乐清325600 [5]浙江省温岭市城南镇农办,浙江温岭317500

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2013年第5期531-536,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：浙江省科技厅资助项目[浙科2010(7)号];浙江省台州市科技局资助项目[台科2002(47)号];浙江省温岭市科技局资助项目[2011(21)号]

摘　　要：经过优选,以2种异源四倍体花粉为父本与浙江地方品种"温岭高橙"杂交授粉.经过胚抢救培养育成幼苗1 200多株,从中选择健壮植株650株,经过流式细胞仪2次检测,确定三倍体植株70株,三倍体率10.77%,其中以ZJ(甜橙类+柠檬)为亲本花粉杂交育成的三倍体植株41株,SR(酸橙+兰普莱檬)为亲本花粉杂交育成的植株29株.其他为二倍体等不同倍性植株.三倍体与母本的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度没有明显差异,而栅栏组织层数差异明显.经过对植株长势和2个亲本资料的综合观察比较,2005年以ZJ为亲本杂交育成的30株三倍体健壮植株进行田间种植结果试验.发现植株生长顶端优势明显,枝条粗壮;2008年开始开花结果,当年控高3m、大枝修剪进入正常栽培管理;2009年开始结果.经过4年结果观察,果实产量逐年增加,品质不断优化.2012年平均单果质量达372g,果皮厚度4.8 mm,可溶性固形物11.3%,总酸1.48%,固酸比7.63,无种子,可食率75.86%.＂Wenling Gaocheng＂ orange is a main cultivar in Zhejiang Province with a cultivated area of 350 hm^2. In particular, this cultivar accounts for over 90~ of total productivity of citrus fruits in Wenling City. However, ＂Wenling Gaocheng＂ orange didn＇t attract the favor of consumers because of its low total soluble solid and seediness, thus it is urgent to improve the traits of this cuhivar. We created triploid hybrids between the diploid ＂Werding Gaocheng＂ and allotetraploid orange of ZJ （sweet orange ＋ lemon） and SR （sour orange ＋ rough lemon）. A total of 1 200 hybrid lines were created by interspecific crosses and embryo rescue; resulting in 70 triploid plants which were confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Among the 70 triploid plants, 41 were from the interspecific cross between ＂Wenling Gaocheng＂ orange and ZJ, and 29 were from ＂WenlingGaocheng＂ orange and SR. Microscope observation showed that the thickness of leaf and palisade tissue had no difference between the diploid parents and the triploid hybrids. However, the palisade cell layers in triploid were significantly more than those in the diploid parents. In 2005, thirty healthy triploid plants from ZJ and ＂Wenling Gaocheng＂ orange were transplanted in field, and they showed significant heterosis as compared with parent plants. Since 2009, the triploid plants begun to bear fruit, and fruit yields and quality increased year by year. In 2012, the average of single fruit mass was 372 g, peel thickness 4.8 mm, total soluble solids 11.3~, total acids 1. 480/00, solid acid ratio 7.63, and edible ratios 75.86~~. Most of all, there was no seed in the fruits of triploid hybrid.

关 键 词：杂交 温岭高橙 三倍体杂种 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]