不同施肥模式对甘蓝氮素利用与流失的影响  

Effects of different fertilization modes on nitrogen use efficiency of cabbages and nitrogen loss from vegetable field

作　　者：徐捷[1] 单立楠[1] 俞丹萍[1] 李竺霖[1] 何云峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2013年第5期556-564,共9页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助项目(2008ZX07101-006)

摘　　要：在天然降雨条件下,采用田间试验方法,在太湖流域地区研究不同施肥模式对甘蓝产量和氮素利用及对径流水和淋溶水中氮素流失动态的影响,并对氮素流失量及流失率进行分析.试验设置6个处理:不施肥、常规化肥(256kg/hm2)、有机肥(256kg/hm2)、蔬菜专用肥(256kg/hm2)、蔬菜专用肥减量20%(205kg/hm2)和蔬菜专用肥减量40%(154kg/hm2).结果表明:蔬菜专用肥比常规施肥和有机肥显著提高甘蓝产量,分别增产31.84%和50.31%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).各处理间甘蓝氮素利用率在10.55%~24.17%之间,且不同施氮量蔬菜专用肥的氮素利用率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着施氮量的减小,氮素利用率由16.72%提高至24.17%.甘蓝生长季氮素流失的主要途径是地表径流,流失量为19.66~38.03kg/hm2,主要流失形态为硝态氮.氮素淋溶流失量受施肥和淋溶水量影响,淋失率为0.21%~0.56%,主要流失形态为铵态氮.蔬菜专用肥比常规化肥可减少7.43kg/hm2的氮素流失.蔬菜专用肥减量40%后,氮素流失量可比蔬菜专用肥处理减少12.02kg/hm2.通过施用蔬菜专用肥并优化施肥量(减量20%)能够在保证甘蓝产量的前提下提高甘蓝氮素利用率、降低氮素的流失量,从而减轻氮素流失对水环境的污染.Conventional fertilization causes soil nitrogen loss and low fertilizer use efficiency in vegetable growing system, and the nitrogen loss also increases the risk on environment. Many researchers have reported a significant decrease of leaching NO3 -N losses when the amount of nitrogen applied decreases. However, little efforts have been made on the study of nitrogen loss by surface runoff or by leaching in vegetable field. Therefore, in order to evaluate the effects of different fertilization on the yield of cabbages, the nitrogen use efficiency, the dynamics of nitrogen loss and simultaneously the amount of nitrogen loss by runoff or by leaching and their relative ratios, a series of field experiments in the cabbage fields in Taihu watershed and also the l^h~ratory studies were carried out respectively during September to November, 2010. Six modes of fertilization, i. e. , none fertilization （CK）, chemical fertilizers （CF）, organic manure （OF）,special fertilizers （SF） （combined chemical fertilizer and organic manure）, reduced amount of special fertilizers by 20% （SF1）, reduced amount of special fertilizers by 400/oo （SF2）, were conducted in cabbage growing system in Taihu watershed. Accordingly, the amounts of nitrogen applied were 0, 256, 256, 256, 205 and 154 kg/hm^2, respectively. The experimental design was the randomized complete block with triplications, each plot of which was 17.5 m2（5 raN3.5 m）.

关 键 词：甘蓝 氮肥利用率 氮素 流失 

分 类 号：S635[农业科学—蔬菜学]