莎草科4种植物种子休眠与萌发特性的研究  

Seed Dormancy and Germination Characteristics of Four Cyperaceae Species

作　　者：周芝琴[1] 李廷山[1] 胡小文[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2013年第9期1885-1890,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项计划(1203FKDA035)资助;中央高校科研基本业务费(lzujbky-2012-183)

摘　　要：以嵩草、黑穗苔草、藨草和苔草4种莎草科植物种子为材料,研究了硫酸、植物生长调节剂及低温层积处理对其休眠与萌发特性的影响,以揭示其休眠机制及其破除方法,为指导生产提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)4种参试植物种子均存在不同程度的生理休眠,其中嵩草为浅度生理休眠,黑穗苔草为中度生理休眠,藨草和苔草为深度生理休眠。(2)浓硫酸浸种可显著提高嵩草、黑穗苔草种子的萌发,随浸种时间增加,种子萌发率先增加后降低,最大值分别达86%、77%,但浓硫酸处理对藨草和苔草的种子萌发无显著促进作用。(3)赤霉素(GA3)、氟啶酮(FL,脱落酸抑制剂)和KNO3单独处理可显著提高嵩草种子萌发,但对其他3种植物种子无显著作用;而硫酸处理后再用赤霉素或氟啶酮处理,则显著促进黑穗苔草种子的萌发率。(4)低温层积对种子萌发的影响因种与层积时间而异,层积2个月可显著提高嵩草种子萌发,层积4个月可显著提高嵩草和藨草种子萌发;层积6个月可显著提高嵩草、黑穗苔草、藨草和苔草4种植物种子萌发,其最终萌发率分别为90%、73%、17%、7%。In present study,effects of H2SO4,plant growth regulators and cold stratification treatment on seed germination of Kobresia myosuroides,Carex atrata,Scirpus triqueter and Carex duriuscula were investigated.The results showed：（1）Seeds of four Cyperaceae species exhibited physiological dormancy with different type,e.g.K.myosuroides exhibited non-deep physiological dormancy,C.atrataexhibited intermediate physiological dormancy,S.triqueter and C.duriuscula exhibited deep physiological dormancy.（2） Sulfuric acid soaking significantly improved seed germination of K.myosuroides and C.atrata,and with the soaking time increasing,seed germination firstly increased and then decreased,and the maximum germination rate were 86% and 77% respectively.However,for S.triqueter and C.duriuscula,H2SO4 soaking have no effect on seed germination.（3）Exogenous gibberellin（GA3）,fluridone（FL）and potassium nitrate（KNO3）significantly improved seed germination of K.myosuroides,but showed no effect on the other three species.However,GA3,FL can significantly increase germination of C.atrataseed after H2SO4 scarification.（4）Effects of cold stratification on seed germination varied with stratification time and species.E.g.seed germination of K.myosuroides was significantly improved throuyh 2 months＇ stratification,but improvement of S.triqueter seed germination need 4 months＇ stratification;more than 6 months＇ stratification can significantly improve seed germination of all tested species,and the final germination rates of K.myosuroides,C.atrata,S.triqueter and C.duriusculaafter 6 months＇ cold stratification were 90%,73%,17% and 7%,respectively.

关 键 词：莎草科 种子萌发 休眠 硫酸 低温层积 植物生长调节剂 

分 类 号：Q945.34[生物学—植物学]