温度突变和非离子氨对海水和淡水养殖条件下凡纳滨对虾存活的影响  

Effect of Abrupt Change in Temperature and Non-Ionic Ammonium on Survival of Litopenaeus vannamei in Seawater and Freshwater

作　　者：贾旭颖[1] 王芳[1] 王春生[2] 董双林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]山东省淡水水产研究所,山东济南250117

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第10期33-40,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2009CB118706)资助

摘　　要：为探讨海水和淡水养殖条件下凡纳滨对虾对温度突变和非离子氨的耐受性,设置了温度突变和非离子氨胁迫2组急性实验。实验结果表明:(1)养殖条件、温度突变和时间三者交互作用对凡纳滨对虾存活率的影响不显著(P>0.05);当温度由22℃分别突变到7、12和37℃时,2种养殖条件下对虾的存活率均随突变时间的延长呈下降趋势;海水养殖对虾高、低温突变幅度均不宜超过10℃;淡水养殖对虾高温突变幅度不宜超过10℃,低温突变幅度不宜超过5℃。淡水养殖对虾对低温的适应能力低于海水养殖对虾,对高温的适应能力高于海水养殖对虾。(2)非离子氨浓度、养殖条件和胁迫时间对对虾的存活率均有显著的影响(P<0.05),且三者的交互作用显著(P<0.05);非离子氨对海水养殖对虾的96hLC50和安全浓度SC分别为1.612和0.161mg/L,对淡水养殖对虾的96hLC50和安全浓度SC分别为0.629和0.063mg/L。各时间点的LC50均是海水养殖对虾高于淡水养殖对虾。海水养殖对虾对非离子氨的耐受能力高于淡水养殖对虾。The effect of abrupt change in temperature and non-ionic ammonium on the survival of Litope- naeus vannamei in seawater and freshwater was determined in this study. We found that （1） the interaction among culture condition, temperature change and time did not influence the survival of L. vannamei （P〉0.05）. When temperature changed from 22℃ to 7, 12 and 37℃ abruptly, the survival of L. vannamei in seawater and freshwater decreased with changing time. The tolerance of L. vannamei in seawater to temperature change was within 10℃ ; that in freshwater was within 10℃ when ambient temperature was high and within 5℃ when ambient temperature was low. L. vannamei in freshwater adapted the abrupt change of temperature better than those in seawater when ambient temperature was low; and worse when ambient temperature was high; （2） the survival of L. vannamei was significantly affected by culture condition, temperature variation and NHa N exposure time （P〈0.05） and their interactions （P〈0.05）. To L. vannamei, the 96 h LC50 value and safety level of NHa-N were 1. 612 and 0. 161 mg/L in seawater, and 0. 629 and 0. 053 mg/L in freshwater, respectively. The LCsG value at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h was higher in seawater than that in freshwater. L. vannamei in seawater tolerate better to NH3-N than in freshwater.

关 键 词：温度突变 非离子氨 凡纳滨对虾 海水 淡水 存活 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]