中国的朝鲜半岛政策评估——历史经验、当前成果与若干不足  

Evaluation of China's Policy toward the Korean Peninsula——Historic Experience,Current Achievements and Certain Weaknesses

作　　者：郭锐[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学行政学院国际政治系 [2]吉林大学理论经济学博士后流动站

出　　处：《当代韩国》2013年第2期22-31,共10页Contemporary Korea

基　　金：作者主持的教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"东亚地缘环境变化与中国区域地缘战略"(课题编号:11YJCGJW006)的阶段性研究成果;国家社会科学基金青年项目"朝鲜战争遗留问题研究"(课题编号:12CGJ004);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"当前朝鲜半岛热点问题与中国的对策研究"(课题编号:11JJD810014)的资助

摘　　要：中国的朝鲜半岛政策,历经朝贡体系、条约体系、冷战体系和冷战后体系四个主要阶段。从历史经验来看,一是中国的朝鲜半岛政策总体上以友好为主线、以和平为目的;二是中国的强大有助于朝鲜半岛的稳定与发展;三是当中国衰落时,朝鲜半岛往往成为外部入侵的跳板;四是制度化的安排有助于中国与朝鲜半岛国家关系的稳定发展;五是适时调整外交政策才能够不断获得滚动收益。当前中国对朝鲜半岛政策的主要成果,一是"北南并重"造就了中国在朝鲜半岛的独特政治地位;二是六方会谈成为解决朝核问题的重要机制;三是中国与朝鲜半岛国家经济合作取得显著成果,合作前景广阔;四是睦邻友好关系形成了良好的民间基础。不足之处,一是"等距离"外交带来了实质性差距;二是原则性政策突出,操作性策略不足;三是在朝鲜半岛事务沟通斡旋当中的桥梁作用有待进一步加强;四是中朝韩三边关系缺少战略性的统筹规划。China＇s policy toward the Korean Peninsula has gone through four systems--the tributary system, treaty system, the Cold War system and the post-Cold War system, and got some experiences. First, the main line of China＇s policy toward the Korean Peninsula is friendly and the purpose is peaceful; second, when China was powerful, it contributed to the stability and development of the Korean Peninsula; third, when China was in decline, the Korean Peninsula often became the springboard for an external invasion; fourth, institutional arrangements were conducive to the stable development of relations between China and Korean Peninsula; fifth, only when the foreign policy is to adjust can country acquire rolling returns. There are four achievements of China＇s current Korean Peninsula policy. First, China has got a unique political status through valuing both the DPRK and the ROK; second, the Six-Party Talks has become an important mechanism for resolving the Korean nuclear issue; third, the economic cooperation between China and the Korean Peninsula has made significant achievements and has a bright prospect; fourth, the good-neighbor relationship between China and Korean Peninsula has formed a good folk basis. In addition, there are still some weaknesses in China＇s policy. First, the equidistant diplomacy has resulted in the actual differences ; second, the policy emphasized the principle, but lacking of operational tactics; third, as a bridge of communication on the Korean Peninsula affairs, China needs to enhance its role; fourth, the China-the DPR.K-the tkOK trilateral relationships lacked strategic plan as a whole.

关 键 词：中国 朝鲜半岛政策 经验 成果 不足 

分 类 号：D822.3[政治法律—政治学]