引、扬黄灌区玉米高产田(≥15000kg/hm^2)特征分析与实现途径  

Characteristics and Key Cultivation Techniques of Maize High Yield Plots in Yellow River Irrigation Areas of Ningxia

作　　者：王永宏[1] 赵如浪[1] 赵健[1] 孙发国 谢铁娜[3] 张文杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏永宁750105 [2]宁夏同心县农技推广服务中心,宁夏同心751300 [3]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750101

出　　处：《作物杂志》2013年第5期108-113,共6页Crops

基　　金：农业部现代农业玉米产业技术体系建设(CARS-02);国家自然科学基金项目(31260306);宁夏科技攻关项目(2008-11);宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ12240)

摘　　要：通过对宁夏引、扬黄灌区2007~2011年间出现的27块玉米高产田(≥15 000kg/hm2)特征进行分析,总结出宁夏引、扬黄灌区玉米高产田平均产量16 692kg/hm2,收获穗数89 331穗/hm2,穗粒数568.2粒,千粒重350.6g,平均单穗粒重193.4g。高产田在宁夏引、扬黄灌区均有分布,但大面积生产主要集中在引黄灌区周边地区及宁夏中部干旱带扬黄新灌区,这些地区光热资源更为丰富,单种玉米集中连片,土壤以沙壤土较多,以耐密型品种郑单958和先玉335为主。相关分析结果表明,决定产量的优先序为区域光热资源、灌溉条件、地理条件与施肥水平、种植密度、品种、播种质量与田间管理等;增加种植密度是实现15 000kg/hm2高产的有效途径,但要加强肥水调控,合理栽培管理,优化群体结构,提高单穗粒重。This paper analysis characteristics of 27 maize high yield plots in Yellow River Irrigation Areas of Ningxia in 2007 -2011. In the 27 maize high yield plots, the average yield was 16 692. Okg/hm^2, the number of ears was 89 331. O/hm^2, the grains per ear were 568.2,1000- seed-weight was 350.6g, and the average grains weight per earwas 193.4g. The high-yield maize plots distributed all Yellow River Irrigation Areas of Ningxia. But large area production was concentrated in the Yellow River surrounding irrigation areas and new supplement irrigation area of middle in Ningxia. These areas have abundant Solar-thermal resources, concentrated planted single maize, and most soil is silty loam, Main planting type was resistant varieties of Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335. Correlation analysis results showed that the decision to production priority sequence first was regional resources, then decided by irrigation of field conditions, geographical condition and fertilizer levels, planting density, varieties, seeding quality and field management, etc. ;Increasing planting density is an effective way to achieve 15 O00kg/hm^2 of high yield, but should strengthen the water regulation and rational cultivation management, optimizing the population structure, and improve the grains weight per ear is also important.

关 键 词：宁夏引 扬黄灌区 玉米 高产田 产量结构 关键技术 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]