近30年江淮地区梅雨期降水的空间多型态特征  

Characteristics of Multi-patterns of Precipitation over the Yangtze-Huaihe Basins During Meiyu Season in Recent 30 Years

作　　者：胡景高[1,2] 周兵[2] 徐海明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,南京210044 [2]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2013年第5期554-564,共11页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划(2012CB955901);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006019);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划(CXZZ11-0601)

摘　　要：该文比较了不同站点分布情况下我国江淮地区梅雨期降水基本空间型态,发现较高分辨率的站点分布能得到更细化的空间型态。1979—2010年我国江淮地区梅雨期降水基本空间型态主要包括南部型、长江型和江淮型。年际变化上,梅雨期降水的南北反位相特征更加明显;而长江型梅雨期降水较其他两个型态而言相对独立。回归分析表明,3种降水型态所对应的东亚夏季风环流子系统的位置、季风经圈环流及梅雨期水汽输送等均存在明显差别,其中东亚太平洋遥相关型(EAP)和欧亚遥相关型(EU)对南部型降水有显著影响。1979年以来,前期赤道东太平洋海温主要影响我国长江流域和江南地区梅雨期降水,而江淮型梅雨期降水与热带海温没有显著的相关关系。The spatial patterns of precipitation during Meiyu season （June--July） over the Yangtze-Huaihe Basins are analyzed under different distributions of surface stations. 424 stations to the east of ll0~E are chosen for the rotated empirical orthogonal function （REOF） analysis during 1979 2010. Then, three precipitati- on patterns are obtained, i. e. , the south pattern （SP）, the Yangtze pattern （YP）, and the Yangtze-Hua- ihe pattern （YHP）. On the inter-annual time scale, it＇s found that the out-of-phase relationship displays more remarkably between the rainfall of SP and YHP in recent 30 years. However, the precipitation of YP shows no signifi- cant relationship with that of SP and YHP, revealing as more independent precipitation pattern. In addi- tion, the YP has the most climatological precipitation, and shows the largest variability. While on the in ter-decadal time scale, the YP precipitation is identical with that of SP. Nevertheless, the precipitation of YHP exhibits out of-phase relationship with the YP and SP, especially since the early 1990s. There are obvious inter-decadal changes in the early 1990s and early 2000s in all spatial precipitation patterns during Meiyu season. But different from the previous years, by 2010, the YP and SP precipitation has increased a little but the YHP precipitation has decreased, suggesting a new inter-decadal variation. The regression using ERA-Interim reanalysis data indicates that corresponding to the anomalous pre- cipitation, the intensities and positions of sub-systems of East Asian summer monsoon circulations, such as the south Asia high （SAH）, the western Pacific subtropical high （SH） and the subtropical upper jet stream （JS）, have notable differences which also exist in the monsoon meridional circulations and water vapor transport flux. Specifically, when the YP precipitation is in the flood years, the intensities of the SAH and SH enhance apparently. When the YHP precipitation is strong, the SAH and JS locate east, meanwhile, the g

关 键 词：空间型态 年际变化 大气环流 海温 

分 类 号：P468.024[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]