冰表面结构及其物理特性的新探索  

Progress in the structural and physical properties of ice surface

作　　者：孙兆茹[1] 潘鼎 徐莉梅[1] 王恩哥[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院量子材料中心,北京100871 [2]加州大学戴维斯分校化学系

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2013年第10期1144-1150,共7页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号:11174006;11274012;11290162/A040106;10974238;91021007)

摘　　要：冰是自然界中最广泛存在的物质之一,对人类生存乃至整个自然界变化都有重要的影响,因此对其本质的研究一直吸引着科学家们的广泛兴趣.尽管上百年来科学界对冰的各种形态及其相变规律做了大量研究,但对冰的表面结构及其相应物理化学性质的了解仍然非常有限.近几年来,我们在冰表面的结构及其物理化学特性的研究中取得了一些新的进展.首次提出了可以描述冰表面氢原子(悬挂OH键)结构有序度的序参量,并发现冰表面结构在融化前比体内更加有序的现象.进一步的研究显示冰表面序参量跟冰表面分子空位的形成和小分子的吸附有着密切的联系.序参量大也就是悬挂OH键排布越不均匀的冰表面的分子越容易形成空位,而分子吸附也越容易发生.Ice, one of the most abundant and well-known materials on earth, plays an important role in many fields, such as interstellar phenomenon, life in cryosphere and global climate. The properties of ice, such as ice phase transition, have received extensive attentions in the past hundred years. However, our understanding of the structure and physical properties of ice surface is still limited. Recently, we have studied the structural and physical properties of ice surface by introducing an order parameter that characterizes the ice surface structure based on the distribution of dangling OH bonds. Our studies show that the ice surface is more ordered than bulk before melting. Our studies also show that the surface structure of ice is directly correlated with the vacancy formation and the adsorption of polar molecules on ice surface. The more inhomogeneous the structure of the ice surface is, the more active the ice surface, that is, vacancies are more likely to form and the polar molecules are easier to be adsorbed on ice surface.

关 键 词：冰表面 冰表面吸附 预融化 悬挂OH键 

分 类 号：O482[理学—固体物理]