19世纪中叶侵华西洋火箭技术及其在华传播研究  

A Comparative Study on Western Rocket's Technology and its Dissemination in China In the mid-19th Century

作　　者：刘鸿亮[1] 马文艳 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学马克思主义学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]大沽口炮台遗址博物馆,天津300452

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2013年第10期54-60,共7页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目"第二次鸦片战争时期中西火炮技术研究"(13FJS003)阶段性成果;河南科技大学2013年度人文社科科研发展专项基金项目(2013RWZX016)阶段性成果

摘　　要：19世纪中叶,侵华欧洲军队在每次海陆战中都使用了英人康格里夫发明的带有长尾杆的金属筒装火箭,与中国传统火箭技术相比技高一筹。不过,其威力也是相对的,总体上来看仅是对前装滑膛枪炮性能的补充。随后,由于船炮等军事技术和性能的提高与挑战,迫使西洋火箭逐渐退出历史舞台。技术决定战术,由于火箭在海陆战中的使用,其对战术的完善也产生了一些影响。清人在两次鸦片战争中感知其威力的巨大,在随后的洋务运动期间引进了其技术,但总体上对军器影响甚微。西洋火箭技术及其在华传播史表明:技术的发展、超越与取代是其必然的规律。In the mid-19th century, both of Chinese armies and the armies of aggression against China used rockets to combat. In every sea and land battle, the European forces used the Congreve rockets; it was better compared with the traditional Chinese rocket technology, Due to the use of the rocket in the sea and land battle, this also had some effect on the improvement of tactics. However, the Congreve rockets＇ power was relative; the overall was only a supplement to muzzle-loading smoothbore performance. Then, Along with loading rifled gun and front loading rifle firing gun performance to improve and challenge, forcing Western rocket gradually withdraw from the stage of history. During the two Opium Wars, its power of the great was known by the Chinese, the subsequent Westernization Movement, the technology was introduced to China, but this technology in general had little effect on armaments. That rocket technology dissemination in China History showed： technology development, transcendence and substitution are the inevitable rule. The Rockets play some role in a certain stage, was caused by conventional firearm gun.

关 键 词：鸦片战争 炮利 火箭 康格里夫火箭 线行战术 

分 类 号：E291[军事—军事理论] K252[历史地理—历史学]