清末民国时期传媒影响司法的两个标本  被引量:6

Two Sampled Cases of Media Affecting Judicial Practice in Times of the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

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作  者:慕明春[1] 

机构地区:[1]西北政法大学新闻传播学院,陕西西安710063

出  处:《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2013年第5期116-124,共9页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基  金:国家社会科学基金项目(06XXW007)

摘  要:清末伴随着中文报刊的诞生,法制新闻也粉墨登场并践行其报道法制事件、传达舆情民声、监督司法审判的功能。《申报》对杨乃武与小白菜案件的报道和评论是传媒监督司法的开山之作,对冤案的最终翻案起到了具有某种牵动全局的关键性作用,并通过个案的监督,推动中国司法制度的变革。民国时期施剑翘刺杀孙传芳案中,媒体担当了"舆论法庭"职责,将法律命题转化为道德命题,从而剑走偏锋,成为媒介操控下的舆论审判。两个"标本"显示了:媒介报道整合的公众舆论对司法审判的影响力不容忽视;大众传媒的受众本位决定了传媒以公众普遍认可的社会道德观念为基准点来整合舆论;受众的故事化偏好又决定了大众传媒在法制报道上的"好奇(案)情结"并引发故事化叙事模式对审判的干扰;在权力本位的社会结构中,舆论对司法的最终起作用尚需要权力因素的支持与配合。With the appearance of Chinese newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty, legal news vigorously oc- curred and started to play its role of reporting legal events, conveying public opinions and supervising judicial tri- als. The Shen Daily began to act as mass media as a judicial trial supervisor by reporting and comment the case of Yang Naiwu and Xiaobaicai, which played some leading role to affect the whole situation in reversing the unjust case and enhancing a reform of the current judicial system. In time of the Republic of China, mass media acted the role "the court of public opinions" in the case of Shi Jianqiao' s assassination of Sun Chuanfang and dramatically turned the judicial trial into a trial of public opinions under the control of mass media. These two sampled cases show that mass media are by no means negligible in influencing judicial trial by synthesizing public opinions, and that the subjectivity of audience of mass media determines that mass media can synthesize public opinions only ac- cording to the universally accepted code of social morals. However, since the audience' s preference of narration determines that mass media fall into "curious complex" in reporting judicial trials, this tendency is likely to give rise to a fictionalized narrative mode and interrupt judicial trials. In other words, in a power-based society, mass media~ final supervision of judicial trial should call for support and cooperation of power elements.

关 键 词:清末民国传媒 杨乃武与小白菜案 刺杀孙传芳案 法制新闻 媒介审判 《申报》 

分 类 号:G210.9[文化科学—新闻学]

 

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