植物的胚形态建成及其基因调控机制研究进展  

The research progress of the pattern formation and gene regulation mechanism in plant embryogenesis

作　　者：王鹏凯[1] 施季森[1] 张艳娟[1] 吴霜[1] 陈金慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学,林木遗传与生物技术省部共建教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第5期134-138,共5页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201004049);国家自然科学基金项目(31170619);江苏高校自然科学基金项目(09KJA220001);江苏省博士后科研资助计划(1102105C)

摘　　要：胚形态建成是植物生长发育的基础,是单细胞发育成功能性多细胞有机体的过程。高等植物在胚形态建成过程中首先确立极性随后形成轴性结构,为后续的胚形态建成和生长发育建立了空间坐标体系。笔者以模式植物拟南芥为例介绍了植物胚形态建成过程和基因调控机制,其中包括:MPK/GRD信号途径控制的合子伸长和极性化;WOX8、WOX9、WOX2指导合子不均等分裂和基顶轴方向确定;生长素信号、WOX5调控网络指导的根端分生组织确立、WUS/CLV3、STM调控网络指导顶端分生组织确立;以子叶形成为代表的侧生器官发生和近远轴发育模式的确立需要生长素信号控制和TCP/CUC基因的表达拮抗;SCR/SHR调控途径参与胚基部径向发育过程机理等。认为对胚形态建成过程中基因调控机理的研究有助于从一个全新的角度认识植物生长发育过程。Embryogenesis is the base of plant growth and development. The single cell gives rise to a functional muhicel- lular organism in this process. In higher plants, the body axes and major tissue are established in the early stage of em- bryogenesis and serve as a positional framework for subsequent pattern formation. The axial construction can provide a coordinate system for the embryogenesis. In this review, the pattern formation of embryogenesis and the mechanism of gene regulation in Arabidopsis will be discussed. The main reviews are as follows：the zygote elongation and embryogenic polarity are controlled by the MPK/GRD pathway; the asymmetric division and the direction of apical-basal axis decided by WOX8, WOX9, WOX2 expression; the auxin signal and the gene regulatory network of WOXS, WUS/CLV3, STM had functions in the establishment or maintenance of root and shoot pole; the auxin signal and the antagonism of CUC/TCP expression controled the formation of cotyledons and the establishment of adaxial/abaxial patterning; the SCR/SHR pathway regulated radial patterning in the basal domain of embryo. These key genes and their regulatory genes compose the network of embryogenesis. Understanding these molecular mechanisms shed novel insights into plant development and growth.

关 键 词：胚形态建成 生长素信号 基因调控 顶端分生组织 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]