新疆濒危野生樱桃李幼苗的自然分布特征  

Characteristics of Seedling Establishment and Distribution of Wild Endangered Prunus divaricata in Xinjiang,China

作　　者：李海冰[1] 刘影[1] 塔西买买提.马合苏木 赵玉[1] 吕督康[2] 

机构地区：[1]资源与生态研究所/新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅普通高校天然产物化学与应用重点实验室/伊犁师范学院化学与生物科学学院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第二中学,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第9期1612-1619,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41061009);新疆高校科研计划青年教师科研培育基金项目(XJEDU2011S4)

摘　　要：[目的]研究樱桃李（Prunus divaricata）在不同生境中的幼苗组成与更新特征,从而为种群的恢复与保育提供理论依据和研究基础.[方法]以新疆霍城县大西沟山前逆温带内分布的天然野生樱桃李林为研究对象,采用样线法对野生樱桃李的天然更新特点及其影响因素进行了野外调查和分析.[结果]不同生境中野生樱桃李的幼苗均由实生苗和萌蘖苗组成;随着幼苗年龄的增长,四个生境中实生幼苗的密度越来越低,且不同龄级间存在显著性差异,且实生苗的最高年龄结构为5 a.高度小于1.0m的根萌苗的密度除樱桃李＋核桃＋准噶尔山楂群落中最低外,在其他群落生境类型中都比较高.在同一群落生境类型中,根萌苗的密度在不同高度级间均存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）.各生境中野生樱桃李不同龄级实生苗幼苗间的转化率差异除野生樱桃李单优群落生境中存在显著差异外,其他生境中不同龄级间实生幼苗的转化率均无显著性差异.根萌苗在不同龄级间差异不显著,且各龄级间的转化率在不同生境间也无显著性差异.野生樱桃李的根萌苗主要分散在以母树为中心的0.20～1.60 m,占总无性系分株的92.0％.[结论]现阶段野生樱桃李通过种子萌发实现种群的更新具有较大的风险,而萌生苗比实生苗的作用更大.研究为伊犁野果林典型生态系统的恢复与保育技术提供理论基础.[ Objective] The seedling composition and recruitment characteristics of Prunus divaricata in different habitats were studied in order to provide a reference for population restoration and conservation. [ Method] By taking the wild P. divaricata plantation in Daxigou of Huocheng County in Xinjiang as the re- search project, field survey and analysis were conducted to exploit the regeneration characteristics with the line transect method. [ Result ] The seedling bank of P. divaricata consisted of true seedlings and root sprouts in different community habitats. The age of true seedlings and sprouts of P. divaricata in different habitats were similar, and with the increasing of age, the density decreased and there were significant difference either a-mong different ages in the same habitat （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the highest age of true seedlings reached 5 years old. The density of root sprouts which was less than 1.0 meter in the community of P. divaricata ＋ Juglans regia ＋ Crataegus songorica was the lowest, and those in other habitats were relatively higher. In the same habitat, there was significant difference among different height classes of the density of sprouts. Transfer rate of true seedlings between adjacent age classes didnt display any significant difference among the height class except that of dominant communities, and there was significance in the transfer rate of sprouts neither in the same habitat nor among different habitats. About 92. 0% of root sprouts mainly were distributed within 0. 20 - 1.60 meters to the parent ramets of P. divaricata. [ Conclusion ] It seemed that root sprouts played a more impor- tant role than the true seedlings in the process of regeneration of P. divaricata population in this area. And this result would provide some reference for ecosystem conservation and recovery technique of the wild fruit for- est in Ili area of Xinjiang.

关 键 词：野生樱桃李 实生苗 根蘖苗 天然更新 年龄结构 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]