锥盘式颗粒肥撒施机构抛撒性能分析与试验  

Working performance and experiment on granular fertilizer spreader with cone disk

作　　者：董向前[1] 宋建农[1] 张军奎[1] 康小军[1] 王继承[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第19期33-40,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203059-5)

摘　　要：为了提高颗粒肥撒施的均匀性和一致性,该文设计了一种锥盘式撒肥机构,通过对锥盘式撒肥机构工作性能的分析,建立了肥料颗粒的受力方程。通过撒肥试验,研究喂入区大小、甩盘转速、甩肥高度对撒肥区域内肥料分布规律的影响。试验结果表明:喂入区大小对肥料颗粒的横向幅宽分布影响较大,对纵向分布影响较小,施肥作业中合理的喂入角为75°;随着甩盘转速的增加,有效施肥区域的横向幅宽和纵向距离均逐渐增大,而且施肥的均匀性和一致性也不断提高,合理转速为600 r/min;施肥高度对施肥幅宽分布和一致性没有显著影响。研究结果可为颗粒肥撒施机的设计提供参考。The fertilization in seedling stage is an important link in paddy production, which plays an important role in ensuring the high yield of rice. The traditional way of fertilizing is manual fertilization of high labor intensity. Granular fertilizers are the most common type of agricultural fertilizer, since they are easily produced, transported, and applied. In order to be effective, however, granular fertilizers must be properly handled and distributed. However, manual fertilization has several disadvantages, such as heavy labor intensity, poor uniformity, and so on. The poor uniformity will easily lead to the uneven growth of rice in the same region, thus impacting the rice yield. Therefore, in the process of rice production, mechanization of fertilization is badly in need of solving these problems. A centrifugal distributor is a kind of fertilizer applicator used generally at present. The principle is spreading out the fertilizer using centrifugal force by the output shaft driving the rotary distributor disk. The distributor＇s mechanism adopts a disc type. The configuration is divided into single disc and opposed-double disc. The relative theoretical research is conducted on the assumption that the distributor plate is not conical and the blade is particle. The theoretical research plays a key role in further optimizing the granular fertilizer spreader. The traditional centrifugal fertilizing machine is used in order to make sure that the fertilizer can be spread out smoothly from the disc. Usually 2 - 4 vanes are arranged on the disc. The shape of the blade could be straight or curved. The blade installations should be radial type, forward type, and backward type. A centrifugal spreader is currently widely used, and one of the most common granular fertilizer application devices is the spinner spreader. The spinner spreader consists of a rotating disc with vanes bolted to the disc surface. Fertilizer poured onto the spinner is thrown onto the ground after colliding with the rotating vanes. The chief advantage

关 键 词：农作物 肥料 机构 旋转锥盘 肥料撒施 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]