机构地区:[1]设施园艺省部共建教育部重点实验室,沈阳110866 [2]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110866 [3]辽宁省设施园艺重点实验室,沈阳110866 [4]凌源市虹圆设施农业服务有限公司,朝阳122500 [5]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866
出 处:《农业工程学报》2013年第19期159-167,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基 金:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-25-C-01);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD12B03-02);辽宁省"十二五"重大项目(2011215003)
摘 要:针对传统日光温室防雨、防雪、防风、防火能力差,以及室内光温环境分布不均匀等问题,研制开发彩钢板保温装配式节能日光温室,该温室骨架为半圆弧形钢结构,采用岩棉彩钢板滑动保温覆盖形式和可移动保温山墙方法,温室跨度12m、脊高5.5m、长度65m,屋面采光角高达41.5°。该日光温室采用水循环系统和空气一地中热交换系统代替土墙和砖墙等蓄热体,解决了装配式日光温室的蓄放热问题,实现了日光温室部件的工厂化生产和安装的标准化装配。与对照(辽沈III型土墙目光温室)比较,彩钢板保温装配式节能日光温室脊高前移、位于温室中部,温室后部遮光减少,土地利用率提高20%以上,屋面采光角增加16.3°,采光率提高5.3%,晚间室外大气温度在.25.8℃时,室内气温在13℃以上,室内外温差达到39.1℃,比对照温室提高2-3~3.5℃。彩钢板保温装配式节能日光温室栽培空间大,采光好,升温快,室内横向和纵向光照和温度分布均匀,植株生长整齐,有效解决了传统日光温室抵御雨、雪、风、火自然灾害能力差的问题。该温室集成了大型连体温室温光分布均匀和传统日光温室蓄热保温好的优点,提高了太阳能的利用效率,温室总体温光性能超过对照温室,且滑动覆盖易于实现日光温室保温覆盖件的精准控制,为中国日光温室的自动化控制和现代化提供新途径。The Chinese energy-saving solar greenhouse (CESG) is a special type of greenhouse without heating system, originated in Anshan, Liaoning province. In China, during the mid-1980s, the CESG was composed of the front house roof (for lighting), north wall, east-west gable, back roof (for heat storage and heat preservation), and outside heat preservation covering materials. The applied area of CESG in China reached 928 thousand hm2 by 2012, which has completely resolved the problem on the year-round vegetable supply, especially in winter in north China. However, the CESG also faces many problems such as uneven distribution of light and temperature in greenhouse, difficulties to achieve automatic control of outside heat preservation covering materials, poor ability of rainproof, snow-proof, wind-proof and fire-proof, and destruction of lots of arable land for greenhouse construction of earth wall and brick wall. To resolve the above problems, a new type of energy-saving solar greenhouse assembled with heat preservation color plate (CPSG) was developed in Lingyuan (latitude 41°202q, longitude 119°31'E), Liaoning province, China from 2010 to 2012. The light and temperature performances were studied from January to March, 2013.The CPSG was the large scale arched structure with a span of 12 m, a ridge height of 5.5m, a length of 65m, a front roof lighting angle of 41.5~, a front roof covering materials of polyolefin film. The skeleton structure was semi-circular arc, which slide to opening or closing the heat preservation covering materials of rock wool color plate outside, and to move the opening or closing of the rock wool color plate east gable (in the morning) and west gable (in the afternoon) respectively. As a result, the CPSG not only resolved the problem of rain-proof, snow-proof, wind-proof and fire-proof for Chinese traditional solar greenhouse, but also brought about the accurate Operation of outside heat preservation color plate. Furthermore, this type of greenhouse adopted water
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