玉米秸秆低温降解复合菌系的筛选  

Screening of Low Temperature Maize Stalk Decomposition Microorganism

作　　者：萨如拉[1] 高聚林[1] 于晓芳[1] 胡树平[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2013年第19期4082-4090,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B13;2012BAD04B04;2013BAD07B04;2011BAD16B14);国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-63);国家自然科学基金(31260300)

摘　　要：【目的】为加快北方高寒地区玉米秸秆降解速度,筛选低温条件下具有良好降解玉米秸秆的复合菌系。【方法】以富含纤维素的腐烂物为菌源,通过滤纸崩解初筛、酶活和秸秆降解率为指标复筛进行玉米秸秆降解菌系的筛选,并对其成分进行分析。【结果】从腐烂的树叶和高原锯末中筛选到两组玉米秸秆降解复合菌系1号和8号。1号和8号复合菌系在玉米秸秆培养基中,15℃培养15 d,玉米秸秆分解率分别达到30.21%和32.21%;1号复合菌系包含木霉和多种细菌,8号复合菌系含青霉和多种细菌;两组复合菌系优势细菌均为梭菌属和芽孢杆菌属菌种。【结论】筛选到的菌系在低温(15℃)实验室条件下能降解玉米秸秆,菌系主要组成是木霉、青霉、梭菌属(Clostridium sp.)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)和草螺菌属(Herbaspirillum sp.)的细菌。【Objective】 For the purpose of accelerating the northern region maize straw degradation speed, a research was conducted to screen microorganism which has a good ability to degradate maize straw under the conditions of low temperature. 【Method】 In this experiment, materials rich in cellulose were used as bacteria sources, through preliminary screening by filter-paper disintegration indicator, enzyme activity and straw degradation rate re-screening, the maize straw degradation strains were selected, then its composition was analyzed. 【Result】 Using this method, two cellulose-degrading microflora （designated as No.1 and No.8） capable of effectively degrading maize straw was enriched from plateau rotted sawdust successfully. The microflora No.1 and No.8 were inoculated in the medium with maize straw as a sole carbon and energy source. The degradation rate of maize straw were 30.21% and 32.21% after 15 days cultivation under 15℃. Two groups of composite microbial systems were composed of fungi and bacteria.No.1 strains of fungus were Trichoderma, and No.8 strains fungus were Penicillium. Two groups of composite microbial system was mainly composed of Clostridium bacteria, Bacillus and oxalic acid bacillus bacteria. 【Conclusion】 Screening of the strains under low temperature （15℃） could degrade the maize straw under laboratory conditions, and the microbial system was mainly comprised of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Clostridium, Bacillus and Herbaspirillum.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 降解菌系 低温 DGGE 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]