船-桥碰撞力理论分析及复合材料防撞系统  

Ship-bridge collision force mechanism and composite anti-collision system

作　　者：刘伟庆[1] 方海[1] 祝露[1] 韩娟[1] 吴志敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学先进工程复合材料研究中心,南京211816

出　　处：《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第5期1080-1086,共7页Journal of Southeast University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51238003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51008157);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大资助项目(12KJA580002)

摘　　要：考虑桥墩刚度与船艏刚度,采用质点弹簧模型,建立了船-桥碰撞动力方程,分析了桥墩与船艏的相对刚度、碰撞接触时间对峰值撞击力的影响规律,修正了我国《公路桥涵设计通用规范》中漂浮物撞击力公式.研制了新型纤维增强复合材料防撞系统,开展了冲击性能试验,实现了相关桥梁防船撞工程应用.结果表明:当桥船相对刚度之比小于50时,峰值撞击力随桥-船相对刚度的增大呈对数形式增大;当桥船相对刚度之比大于等于50时,峰值撞击力可近似按欧洲统一规范取值.碰撞接触时间与船舶质量、船艏刚度相关.复合材料防撞系统能有效延长船-桥碰撞接触时间,大幅削减撞击力,从而有效保护桥墩结构安全,减轻船舶受损程度,具有显著的技术经济优势.The governing equation of ship-bridge collision, considering the influence of pier stiffness and ship stiffness, was proposed by using the mass-spring model. The effects of bridge-ship relative stiffness and contact time on the peak impact force were analyzed. The impact force formula of flotsam in the General Code for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts was revised. Meanwhile, an innovative fiber reinforced composite anti-collision system was developed. The corresponding impact tests were conducted. Furthermore, this composite anti-collision system is applied in the practical bridge anti-collision engineering. The results show that when the bridge-ship relative stiffness is less than 50, the peak impact force logarithmically increases to the increase in the bridge-ship relative stiffness; otherwise, the peak impact force can be approximately calculated according to European Standard. The contact time is related to the mass and stiffness of ship. The composite anti-collision system can effectively prolong the contact time of ship-bridge collision and decrease the impact force substantially; therefore the pier structure can be effectively protected and the damage degree of ship can be relieved. Overall, the composite anti-collision system has significant technical and economic advantages.

关 键 词：船-桥碰撞 船艏刚度 简化动力模型 复合材料防撞系统 

分 类 号：U442.55[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]