历史想象与传奇叙事:论《天使在美国》的现代性诗学救赎  

Historical Vision and Romance Narrative:Poetic Redemption of Modernity in Angels in America

作　　者：朱雪峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学外国语学院

出　　处：《当代外国文学》2013年第3期52-62,共11页Contemporary Foreign Literature

摘　　要：库什纳的两部曲史诗剧《天使在美国》从艾滋危机切入当代美国社会政治现实,批评里根新保守主义政府对同性恋弱势社群的冷漠歧视。但剧中的当代美国更具有历史寓言性质,其深意在于反思现代性困境,剖析现代悲剧的根源并探寻救赎之路。全剧化用由悲入喜的传奇情节模式,透过亦真亦幻的戏剧魔镜,指出现代性的救赎不是回归至前现代犹太基督教传统的末日启示话语,而是由个人想象力驱动历史嬗变,以喜剧的沟通/接纳主题取代悲剧的隔离/驱逐主题,个人与社会融通,人类与自然融通,共建新型公民社会和宇宙人文主义千禧年。这一历史想象超越了剧评界乐道的库什纳政治乌托邦信念;在爱默生超验哲学及其相应艺术论的直接影响下,主张"理智悲观主义、意志乐观主义"的库什纳试图以传奇诗学为现代性危机解咒。Tony Kushner＇s Angels in America takes the outbreak of AIDS in the mid-1980s as attack point to scrutinize socio-political realities of contemporary America.The playwright criticizes the neo-conservative Reagan administration for discriminating against the gay community and for nonchalant inaction in face of the epidemic.The American epic,as historical allegory,also aims to rethink modernity,explore the roots of modern tragedy and contemplate its redemption.Kushner adopts the mythos of romance,which transforms tragedy into comedy,and presents a story at once hallucinatory and realistic to argue that modern tragedy cannot be redeemed by staying put,as the Judeo-Christian apocalypse preaches,but by moving forward and effecting change through individual imagination.The key to salvation is replacing the isolation / exile theme of tragedy with the connection / integration theme of comedy,thereby creating a new citizen society and a cosmetic humanist millennium that connect individual with society,humanity with nature.This historical vision can be traced back to Ralph Waldo Emerson,whose transcendentalism and art discourse Kushner,advocating ＂pessimism of the intellect,optimism of the will,＂ dramatizes with romantic poetics to suggest a solution to the modern dilemma.

关 键 词：库什纳 历史想象 传奇叙事 现代性 诗学救赎 

分 类 号：I712.073[文学—其他各国文学]