四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区繁殖期黑颈鹤调查  

Survey on the Black-necked Cranes during the Breeding Period at Sichuan Ruoergai Wetland National Nature Reserve

作　　者：窦亮[1] 李华 李凤山 张曼[1] 郑志荣[1] 冉江洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,四川省濒危野生动物保护生物学重点实验室,成都610064 [2]四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区,四川若尔盖624500 [3]国际鹤类基金会,美国威斯康辛53913

出　　处：《四川动物》2013年第5期770-773,共4页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国际鹤类基金会资助

摘　　要：于2012年5-9月,对四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区的黑颈鹤Grus nigricollis数量及分布进行了调查。共记录到287只黑颈鹤,其中5月70只,包括繁殖鹤群18对36只（占51.4%）,3只以上的非繁殖鹤群3群27只（群体大小分别是4只、8只和15只）,占38.6%,单只鹤7只（占10.0%）。7月份观察记录到黑颈鹤121只,繁殖鹤群有41对82只,占观察数量97只（除幼鹤外）的84.5%,单只鹤群3只,占3.1%,3只以上的非繁殖鹤群1群,12只,占12.4%,其余为幼鹤24只。9月份共观察记录96只（其中14只幼鹤）,繁殖鹤群有38对,76只,占观察数量82只（除幼鹤外）的92.7%,单只鹤1只,占1.2%,3只以上的非繁殖鹤群1群,由5只个体组成,占6.1%。与之前调查结果相比,本次调查到的黑颈鹤分布区范围没有大的变化。整体上看,保护区内黑颈鹤的主要繁殖栖息地在尧拉乔、纳勒乔、纳洛乔一带和热尔大坝的哈丘湖、措拉坚、花湖等湖泊及湖滨沼泽。建议在这两个区域设置固定样地进行长期监测,并且在保护区内限制放牧强度,核心区内严禁放牧,调节好草场的季节性利用,使湿地生态系统得以合理的恢复使用,从而保护黑颈鹤及其栖息地。From May to September of 2012,we investigated black-necked cranes（Grus nigricollis） at the Ruoergai Wetland National Nature Reserve,Sichuan,China.A total of 287 individuals were recorded.Seventy individuals were recorded in May,of which 36 belonged to 18 breeding pairs（1.4%）,27 to three groups of more than 4 ~ 8 birds（34.6%） and 7 were single（10.0%）.In July,121 black-necked cranes including 41 breeding pairs（a total of 82 individuals,accounting for 84.5%）,7 single cranes（3.1%） and 1 group of the non-breeding cranes（12 individuals,accounting for 12.4%） were recorded.In September,96 black-necked cranes including 38 breeding pairs（a total of 76 individuals,accounting for 92.4%）,1 single crane（1.2%） and 1 group of the non-breeding cranes（5 individuals,accounting for 6.1%） were recorded.No significant change of black-necked cranes distribution was observed compared with the previous findings.Overall,the main breeding habitats of black-necked cranes in protected areas are Yao Laqiao,Na Leqiao,Na Luoqiao and Haqiu Lake,Cuo Lajian and Flower Lake.To protect the black-necked crane and its habitats,several measures such as set long-term and fixed monitoring in these regions,limit grazing intensity in protected areas,prohibit grazing in the core area,and regulate the seasonal use of pasture should be taken for the reasonable recovery use of wetland ecosystem.

关 键 词：黑颈鹤 数量 分布 保护 若尔盖湿地 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]